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Biomedical subjects

C Barker

Publications and source records attributed to C Barker.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

An experimental model to study blood and inflammatory neutrophils.

We sought to develop an experimental animal model in order to study the effects of hypothermia on host defences under conditions which were similar to those used for humans. We required a large animal which could tolerate arterial and venous catheters and serial blood sampling without significantly altering its blood volume and blood pressure. The animal should be intubated and ventilated to control blood gases and fluid and electrolyte balance. Finally the model should have anatomic, metabolic and physiologic similarities to humans. We describe an experimental pig model which appears to fulfill these criteria and provide important information relevant to man.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The helping process in couples.

This study examined couples' informal helping interactions, that is, how partners helped each other with their psychological problems. Fifty-three couples participated in a communication sampling task in which they took each of two roles, discloser and helper (analogous to client and therapist). Audiotapes of the interactions were subsequently categorized according to helper response modes and rated on global measures of problem solving, understanding, and supportiveness. The most frequent helper response modes were question, advisement, and interpretation; reflection was infrequently used. There were no differences in helping communication associated with gender or sex-role self-concept. The important characteristic of the helpers' communication was not the type of response used, but the evaluative quality of the response. Helpers who were more satisfied with their relationships tended to be more understanding and supportive. Also, interactions rated as more understanding and supportive tended to be experienced as more helpful by the disclosers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Natural killing of cytomegalovirus-infected targets in renal transplant recipients.

The ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of renal transplant recipients to lyse cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected fibroblasts was determined in an 18-hr 51Cr release assay. Natural killing (NK) against CMV-infected targets was generally depressed for the first two years after transplantation. In three individuals who developed CMV disease after transplantation, NK activity against CMV-infected and uninfected targets rose to high levels following reductions in immunosuppressive therapy and in temporal association with resolution of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dual perspectives: clients' and therapists' perceptions of therapist responses.

This study compares clients' and therapists' perceptions of individual therapist responses. Three segments of four responses each were sampled from early, middle, and late in actual therapy sessions with 16 client-therapist pairs. Using interpersonal process recall, both therapists and clients independently described their perceptions of the therapist's response intentions in their own session. They also rated the impact of therapist responses according to four variables, including response helpfulness and therapist empathy. Client-therapist agreements on intentions and impacts were computed using indices of both covariation and mean difference. Clients' and therapists' response-by-response reports of therapist intention were positively associated, but their average ratings for the session were not. On the other hand, their response-by-response ratings of impact were not associated, but their average ratings of helpfulness and affective impact were. Correlates of agreement were also studied. Contrary to expectations, length of therapeutic relationship was not correlated with client-therapist agreement: in fact, there was a trend toward lower agreement for client-therapist pairs of longer duration. Therapist experience also did not predict client-therapist agreement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neutrophil migration in vitro and in vivo during hypothermia.

The effect of hypothermia on pig leukocyte migration in vitro and in vivo was studied. Neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro under agarose was significantly impaired at 29 degrees C (2.7 +/- 0.6 [mean +/- standard error]; 37 degrees C, 7.1 +/- 1.1). Leukocytes isolated from hypothermic pigs and tested at 37 degrees C migrated normally (7.8 +/- 0.6). Neutrophil and monocyte migration in vivo was markedly reduced at 29 degrees C. Reduced inflammatory responses may contribute to increased infections during hypothermia.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Mental health: into the community.

Ten years ago the Worcester Development Project was launched as a model reorganisation of mental illness services. Charles Barker, senior nursing officer, department of psychiatry, Worcester Royal Infirmary, looks at the progress of the project.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1981

Biophysical characterization of Artemia salina (L.) extracellular haemoglobins.

Sedimentation coefficients (s0 20,w) of 11.57 +/- 0.10 S and 11.52 +/- 0.09 S were assigned for Artemia salina (L.) extracellular haemoglobins II and III respectively. These values are not significantly different. The molecular weights, M0w and M0z, of the native haemoglobins as determined by the high-speed sedimentation-equilibrium method were for haemoglobin II 239 400 +/- 7200 and 240 400 +/- 2600 respectively, and for haemoglobin III 216 300 +/- 6500 and 219 300 +/- 4500 respectively. The observed increase of Mapp. with concentration suggested that association was occurring over the concentration range investigated. Exposure of haemoglobin II to either 6 M-guanidinium chloride or to low pH (pH 4) resulted in dissociation to units of approximately half the size of the native protein, with molecular weights approx. 115 000. Electron-microscopic observations indicated a molecular structure composed of two stacked lobed discs. These results strongly support the dimeric model for Artemia haemoglobins proposed by Moens & Kondo [(1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 82, 65-72].

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Mitotic chromosome condensation in the sperm nucleus during postfertilization maturation division in Urechis eggs.

Changes in the morphology of the sperm nucleus in the egg cytoplasm are mong the immediate events in nucleocytoplasmic interactions during early embryogenesis. Soon after its entrance into the egg cytoplasm, the sperm nucleus of various organisms increases in size with the transformation of condensed chromatin to a diffuse state, resembling the chromatin of an interphase nucleus (2, 13, 15, 16). This is followed by a close association or fusion of male and female pronuclei (2, 13, 15, 16). Cytoplasmic influences on nuclear morphology have also been demonstrated clearly in nuclear transplantation and cell fusion studies (10, 11). Reactivation of the nucleus, such as the transplanted brain nucleus in Xenopus egg cytoplasm or the hen erythrocyte nucleus in interphase cytoplasm of HeLa cells, is accompanied by nuclear enlargement and chromatin dispersion (10, 11). However, premature mitotic-like chromosome condensation takes place in the nuclei of sperm or interphase cells fused with mitotic cells (9, 12). Thus, chromosome dispersion and condensation seem to depend on the state of the cytoplasm in which the nucleus is present. These observations imply that the initial morphological changes in the sperm nucleus after fertilization may very well be dependent on the state of maturation of eggs at the time of sperm entry. Unfertilized eggs of Urechis caupo, a marine echiuroid worm, are stored at the diakinesis stage. These eggs complete maturation division after insemination and this is followed by fusion of male and female pronuclei (5, 8). Therefore, Urechis caupo is a suitable organism in which to study the response of the sperm nucleus to the changing state of the egg cytoplasm during and after postfertilization maturation division.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Twenty-one years' experience with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The surgical experience with 107 ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms at this hospital during the years 1953 to 1975 has been reviewed. The operative mortality rate during the first ten years of this study was 86 per cent, but since 1966, it has fallen to 40 per cent. These improved mortality statistics are related primarily to improved techniques for controlling operative blood loss and minimizing the time of aortic cross clamping. The use of an intra-aortic balloon has been useful in this regard. Twenty-four additional patients died from ruptured aneurysms without undergoing operation, all before 1966. Only seven had a correct diagnosis prior to death, and these seven serve to emphasize the importance of being alert to the diagnosis of ruptured aneurysm which often masquerades as urologic or orthopedic problems because of the frequent symptoms of back, abdominal, flank or groin pain. Since the operative mortality rate for elective resection of the aneurysm has been less than 1 per cent at this institution during the last eight years, we believe we are justified in encouraging prompt resection of aneurysms on an elective basis to eliminate the high mortality rate that still accompanies rupture of the aneurysm.

Adult↗