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Biomedical subjects

C Baker

Publications and source records attributed to C Baker.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Survey of radiographic requirements and techniques in United States dental assisting programs, 1982.

A survey of dental assisting programs revealed little standardization of student requirements for dental radiography in the United States. Areas for concern were (1) the high proportion of programs in which classmates exposed one another to ionizing radiation for training purposes and (2) the continued use of closed cones in some cases. Preclinical laboratories in radiography were, on average, of considerably longer duration than those previously reported for dental students. Conversely, clinical requirements in intraoral techniques were less for dental assisting students than is the case for dental students. Available methods of reducing patient exposure to ionizing radiation are not being fully implemented.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1982

An outbreak of Norwalk gastroenteritis associated with swimming in a pool and secondary person-to-person transmission.

In June 1977 an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis affected 103 students and teachers at an elementary school in Ohio. The illness typically lasted 24 hours or less and was characterized by vomiting (86%) and cramping (70%), but more than half of the persons involved also reported having nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Similar illness frequently followed in household members (29%) of families with primary cases. Investigation revealed that 70% of the children and teachers who swam in a pool at an all day outing June 1 (4 classrooms) and 55% of those who swam during a similar outing June 2 (2 classrooms) had the onset of acute illness from 12--48 hours later. None of the children who attended the outings but did not swim had a similar illness. The evidence suggested that the primary outbreak was caused by contaminated water in the pool and that person-to-person spread of illness followed. Results of a microbiologic study of pool water were negative for bacterial and viral pathogens. Throat washings, stool specimens, and paired blood samples studied for evidence of pathogens were negative initially, but subsequent serologic studies suggested that infection by Norwalk virus was the cause of the outbreak. The pool chlorinator which was inadvertently unconnected at the time of the school visits was reconnected and an underground leak in the water supply pipes was corrected. No more cases were reported after the pool was drained, cleaned, and reopened.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1980

Clinical experience of medical students in North Carolina family medicine preceptorships.

The clinical experience of 29 medical students from 14 medical schools, while they were taking elective preceptorships with 15 North Carolina family physicians, is compared with clinical experience in a university medical center in the same state and in practices from the neighboring state of Virginia. A total of 6,641 problem contacts, averaging 229 per student, were reported over a three-year period. Certain problems were recorded with higher frequency in the preceptorships than in the medical center, for example, acute infections, lacerations, prenatal care, obesity, and hypertension. These findings support the importance of preceptorships in supplementing the clinical experience of university medical centers, and the close similarity of these North Carolina data to those from Virginia suggests the usefulness of this type of information for planning medical school and residency curricula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Medical student health: ten years after the GSA/CMSH report.

In 1969 a committee of the Association of American Medical Colleges made recommendations relating to health status determination and health care of medical students. In 1979 a survey of 82 U.S. and Canadian schools showed little changes from the methods being used in 1967. The implications of the survey are discussed and a prototype program is outlined.

Canada↗
PubMed1979

Propylene glycol as a cause of an elevated serum osmolality.

Two severely burned patients experienced the onset of marked hyperosmolality during topical treatment with a cream containing silver sulfadiazine as an antimicrobial agent. Serum samples from both patients were studied for the presence of substances absorbed from the vehicle of the cream. Prophylene glycol, in concentrations which were high enough to account for the difference between calculated and measured osmolality, was demonstrated in the sera of these patients by gas chromatography.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of management of the emergency right hemicolectomy.

To evaluate the morbidity and mortality attending emergency resection of the right colon, we studied retrospectively 119 consecutive patients from two major centers, particularly examining the role of delayed anastomosis (initial ileostomy with subsequent ileocolic anastomosis). Emergency right colectomy was defined as an operative procedure in which partial resection of the terminal ileum and total or partial resection of the cecum and/or ascending colon were necessary before the colon could be evacuated and prepared as might be the case in elective resection. Ninety patients underwent primary anastomosis; hospital mortality and morbidity were 26 and 11%, respectively. Among 29 patients who underwent ileostomy, hospital mortality was 38%; hospital morbidity was 10%. In general, the patients selected for ileostomy were somewhat more ill or had more severe injury. only 17% of all deaths and 8% of all serious complications could be attributed to the anastomosis, leaving little statistical opportunity for improvement by deleting it. The data indicate that a very high mortality (29%) attends emergency right hemicolectomy. Our study indicates that ileostomy in lieu of anastomosis does not reduce this high mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Piperacillin (T-1220), a new semisynthetic penicillin. II. In vitro antimicrobial activity and synergy comparison with carbenicillin and gentamicin.

Piperacillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was found to have potent antimicrobial activity against nearly all (405) tested bacterial species. Piperacillin was consistently 4 approximately 16-fold more active than carbenicillin against the Enterobacteriaceae, 16 approximately 32-fold against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas species, and 16-fold against Streptococcus faecalis. Carbenicillin and piperacillin were equally effective against Staphylococcus aureus, but inactivated by beta-lactamase. A 38% overall synergy rate for the piperacillin-gentamicin combination was identified, a finding similar to that for carbenicillin-gentamicin. Highest incidences of synergy were found for both antibiotic pairs tested on gentamicin-resistant isolates (Ps. aeruginosa and Providencia). In vitro findings suggest that piperacillin alone or in combination with aminoglycosides may be highly efficacious in the treatment of most serious bacterial infections.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Clinical experience of medical students with primary care career goals.

Two medical students with primary care career goals, in a medical school based at a university medical center, recorded demographic and medical problem information from their patients. They saw a total of 3,391 problems in 2,265 different patients, resulting in a clinical experience similar to that of students from a medical school not based at a university medical center and residents in two family medicine residency training sites. Almost 62.0 percent of problem contacts were seen outside of the medical center hospital, 66.7 percent on ambulatory patients, and 47.3 percent on non-credit rotations, reflecting the intensity of their personal motivation, the support of faculty with primary care backgrounds, and the flexibility of a clinical curriculum offering 50 percent electives. The study demonstrates that it is possible for students in a university medical center to obtain clinical experience with patient problems of the type encountered in the community.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1978

Clinical utility of CAT body scans.

The results of 202 computerized axial tomography (CAT) body scans performed on hospitalized patients were analyzed for their accuracy and clinical utility. The sensitivity (80 per cent), specificity (70 per cent), and accuracy (77 per cent) were high but not superior to ultrasound examinations of the same area. The results of the CAT body scan affected patient management in 16 per cent of patients and affected the success of treatment in 1 per cent of patients. We conclude that for many abdominal conditions ultrasound scans are equally as accurate and substantially more cost-effective than CAT body scans, and that the clinical value of CAT body scans needs support from controlled clinical trials.

Adolescent↗