What on earth is brown fat?
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Bailey.
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The restriction fragment length polymorphism of the unrearranged T-cell antigen receptor (Tcr) alpha chain gene was investigated. Taq I digests, when probed with a Tcr alpha chain cDNA probe, revealed polymorphic bands of 7.0, 2.0, and 1.4 kb, due to variations around the C alpha gene, and the V gene cluster. Family studies confirmed the segregation of these polymorphic bands as allelic markers. These polymorphisms provide a new marker for the analysis of genetic variation of the Tcr alpha chain, and the influence of variation of the Tcr genes on the immune response.
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Long-Evans male adult rats were intermittently exposed for 14 weeks to continuous wave (CW) 2450-MHz microwaves at an average power density of 2.5 mW/cm2. The mean specific absorption rate was 0.70 W/kg (+/- 0.02 SEM). The rats were exposed 7 h/day, 7 days/week in a radiation chamber with a monopole above ground, while housed in Plexiglas cages. Weekly measures of body mass and food intake did not indicate statistically significant effects of microwave irradiation. Assessments of threshold for electric-footshock detection revealed a significant difference between microwave and sham-exposed animals. Assessments of cholinesterase and sulfhydryl groups in blood and 17-ketosteroids in urine did not distinguish the two groups of rats. Behavioral measures made at the end of the 14-week exposure included an open-field test, shuttlebox avoidance performance, and schedule-controlled lever-pressing for food pellets. Statistically significant differences between microwave- and sham-exposed rats were observed for these measures. Examination of adrenal tissue, plasma electrolytes, and organ masses after 14 weeks of exposure revealed no difference between the two groups of rats.
Previous research suggested that hyperactive children are especially susceptible to accidents. Two questions remain: is the relationship peculiar to hyperactivity in childhood or for behaviorally disturbed children in general and does the relationship hold for females as well as for males? To answer these questions 189 patients at a child psychiatric clinic were rated on a scale which included measures of hyperactivity and accident proneness. The hyperactive patients were more likely to be described as accident prone than nonhyperactive patients. The relationship between childhood hyperactivity and accident proneness is confirmed and is specific. The relationship holds for both boys and girls.
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A method is described for the separation of proenkephalin products using gradient high-performance liquid chromatography preceded by Sep-Pak chromatography. Samples can be assayed simply by use of a modified mouse vas deferens bioassay which is sufficiently sensitive for most applications. The preliminary Sep-Pak chromatography method excludes alpha-neoendorphin and the dynorphins and thus provides a suitable procedure for separation of prodynorphin and proenkephalin products.
Certain developmental abnormalities have been associated with environmental exposure to lead and our previous studies have indicated that the endogenous opioid system is disrupted by this metal. In connection with this we report the ontogeny of proenkephalin products in the rat striatum determined by combined HPLC and bioassay and the effects of low-level lead exposure on this ontogeny. The development of Met-enkephalin levels was dissimilar from that of the other proenkephalin products, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 and Leu-enkephalin. The ratios of Met-enkephalin containing peptides to Leu-enkephalin was less than the 6:1 ratio predicted from the proenkephalin structure. Lead (administered in the maternal drinking water, from conception to weaning at 100, 300 and 1000 ppm) caused a dose-related depression of the levels of proenkephalin products in rat striatum at 10, 21 and 30 days after birth. The most pronounced effects were observed at 10 days and the most persistent effects were seen with Met-enkephalin. Peak blood lead levels were below 45 micrograms/100 ml in the 100 and 300 ppm lead-dosed groups and in all lead-dosed groups at 10 days after birth. It is suggested that lead may have inhibitory effects on proenkephalin-processing enzymes.
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A new anti-cancer agent, misonidazole, is now available for investigational purposes. It is a radiation sensitiser, and a national trial is described for its use in the curative treatment of carcinoma of the bladder. The co-operation of doctors is sought in referring patients for this study.