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Biomedical subjects

C Bachmann

Publications and source records attributed to C Bachmann.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of food on antacid neutralizing capacity in man.

In order to estimate their in-vivo reactivity two antacids of equal theoretical neutralizing capacity (approximately 3.9 mol/l at pH 3.5) but of different chemical composition were employed as intragastric titrant (pH 3.5) following a liquid protein meal (oxo) in two groups of five volunteers each. The two antacids chosen (alucol and Camalox) contain different amounts of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and Camalox in addition contains calcium carbonate. The intragastric consumption of these two antacids was much higher than their respective theoretically available neutralizing capacity (Alucol 3.9 times, Camalox 2.4 times). In-vitro studies demonstrated that interaction with oxo reduced the neutralizing capacity of the two antacids at pH 3.5 from 3.9 mol/l to 1.7 mol/l (Alucol) and 2.5 mol/l (Camalox). This potency loss was related to the aluminium hydroxide content of the two antacids. This study indicates that the neutralizing capacity of antacids is not predictable from their reactivity in aqueous solution and is markedly reduced by protein-containing foods.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Menopause-dependent plasma lipoprotein alterations in diuretic-treated women.

The effects of chlorthalidone, 100 mg/d given for 6 weeks, on serum lipids and lipoproteins were assessed in 22 premenopausal and 18 postmenopausal women. In the latter, chlorthalidone significantly increased total serum cholesterol (13%, p less than 0.001), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (21%, p less than 0.001) and apoprotein B (16%, p less than 0.05). In contrast, these values were not altered in the premenopausal group. Levels of LDL cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, total and very-low-density triglycerides, apoproteins A1 and A2, and plasma volume, plasma glucose, insulin, epinephrine, estradiol, and free fatty acids were unchanged in both groups. Chlorthalidone-induced changes in levels of LDL cholesterol did not correlate significantly with variations in blood pressure, plasma potassium, uric acid, renin, aldosterone, or norepinephrine levels. These findings indicate that the thiazide-like diuretic chlorthalidone increases serum LDL cholesterol in postmenopausal but not in premenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Hyperammonemia: a suggestion for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures].

Hyperammonemia in pediatrics leads to emergency situations. Adequate decisions for treatment have to be taken rapidly. These depend on the underlying disorder. While the patient's history and symptoms should lead to a search for hyperammonemia, the further steps will depend on biochemical results of aminoacid determinations in plasma and urine, and orotic acid excretion. In some cases where this latter metabolite is not increased, the determination of organic acids in urine and enzyme assays in liver are needed. A scheme for the diagnostic and therapeutic measures is proposed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Lethal neonatal deficiency of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (author's transl)].

This is a report of a male neonate with hyperammonemia who showed progressive neurologic symptoms and pulmonary bleeding due to carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency. This newborn male died in coma after only 119 hours. His elder brothers died under similar circumstances in the first days of life, and a CPS-deficiency is not to be excluded. The pulmonary bleeding in the patient and in one brother caused by hyperammonemia is emphasized. In the pedigree repeated consanguinity could be detected.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1981

Diuretic treatment and serum lipoproteins: effects of tienilic acid and indapamide.

Treatment with the commonly used diuretic, chlorthalidone, has previously been found to increase the serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) fraction. Therefore, the effects of two new agents, tienilic acid (a combined diuretic-uricosuric) and indapamide on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were assessed. Six weeks of treatment with tienilic acid, 250 mg/day, markedly decreased serum uric acid and significantly increased LDL-C and triglycerides in 16 men. In contrast, indapamide 2.5 mg/day, had no apparent influence on serum lipids or lipoproteins in 18 men.

Diuretics↗
PubMed1981

Beta-receptor-blocking agents may reverse or prevent diuretic-induced increases in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

1. The effect of treatment with a thiazide-like diuretic alone or combined with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker on serum lipoproteins was investigated in 35 patients with essential hypertension. 2. In group I (18 patients), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.001) during monotherapy with chlorthalidone (100 mg/day) but not during combined chlorthalidone--beta-blocker therapy. 3. This tendency was similar in subgroups studied with an inverse sequence of drug administration. In subgroup IA (11 men), a 22% increase (P less than 0.01) in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after 6 weeks of chlorthalidone was reversed after use of a beta-blocker as well as chlorthalidone; in subgroup IB (five men, two post-menopausal women), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by 41% (P less than 0.05) above placebo values 6 weeks after withdrawal of the beta-blocker from combination therapy. 4. In group II (18 men), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by 13% (P less than 0.025) after 4 weeks of monotherapy with clopamide (5 mg/day) but restored to control levels 4 weeks after addition of pindolol (10 mg/day). 5. No significant changes occurred during any treatment phase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 6. Certain beta-receptor blocking agents may prevent or reverse diuretic-induced increases in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Computer simulation of the urea cycle: trials for an appropriate model.

Several models of the urea cycle with normal and deficient enzymes were simulated on a desk-top computer in order to test if a model fitting data of patients suffering from deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes could be obtained. Discrepancies were notable if only the four enzymes of the urea cycle were used. The effect of adding either n-acetylglutamate synthetase and CPS or the mitochondrial transport system of ornithine and its catabolism to the model were tested singly or combined. The use of the combined model with the rate constants adjusted to recent data of the human enzymes together with a transport system for N-acetylglutamate out of the mitochondrium improved the results. Computer simulations are thus a useful tool for testing concepts of the functioning of the urea cycle.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1981

[Distribution of plasma cholesterol in 4 Swiss cities].

As part of the Swiss National Research Programme on Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, plasma cholesterol was determined in 7947 adults of all ages. The distribution of the values obtained in the four Swiss cities investigated is given by age, sex and nationality. Percentile graphs of the whole sample show the influence of age for each sex. On the basis of these results it is estimated that amongst people aged 16-69 years living Switzerland, 7.4% of the men and 8.4% of the women can be expected to have a plasma cholesterol level above 280 mg/dl (7.25 mmol/l). The different relationships between plasma cholesterol and other factors such as consumption of tobacco or alcohol and body mass index were investigated. The latter shows a significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.2, p less than 0.001) for each sex, for the age group 25-44 and for each of the cities. Alcohol consumption is also directly associated with total blood cholesterol. The role of this factor is discussed in relation to the differences in plasma cholesterol observed between the cities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Hyperammonemia in the newborn through ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (author's transl)].

This is a report of a family with hyperammonemia in the newborn, very probably due to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Typically the male infant died in the newborn period within 74 hours. In the female newborn it was possible to provide a normal development with protein restricted diet. In mother's line there are unexplained death's of infants. The examination of amino acids and organic acids excluded other disturbances. The determination of orotic acid in the urines and oral loading with protein indicated to OTC-deficiency. The RDS-symptomatic and pulmonary bleeding in the newborns with hyperammonemia is emphasized.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1981

Metabolic effects of fasting in steers.

The effect of starvation for five days on blood levels of various hormones and metabolites was studied in seven steers. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in thyroxine (free and total), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (free and total), immunoreactive insulin, propionic acid, butyric acid and glucose, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine and alpha-aminoacid-N levels did not change. Free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, urea, isobutyrate, alpha-methylbutyrate and isovalerate, total protein and albumin significantly (P less than 0.05) increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[The therapeutic efficacy of bezafibrate in hyperlipoproteinemias of various types].

17 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia of type 11 (9 type IIa and 8 type IIb), 4 with hyperlipoproteinemia of type IV and 1 with hyperlipoproteinemia of type V were treated for 4.6 +/- 0.7 months with the new lipid lowering agent bezafibrate in a dose of 200 mg three times daily. Bezafibrate markedly lowered total serum cholesterol and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol in each of these types of hyperlipoproteinemia. These data suggest that bezafibrate may be effective in reducing the possibly atherogenic LDL- and VLDL-fractions while increasing the antiatherogenic HDL-fraction.

Bezafibrate↗
PubMed1980

Diagnostic value of orotic acid excretion in heritable disorders of the urea cycle and in hyperammonemia due to organic acidurias.

Orotic acid excretion in urine in increased in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, citrullinemia and argininemia; it is barely increased in argininosuccinic aciduria and normal in carbamylphosphate synthetase deficiency and in hyperammonemia due to organic aciduria. The determination of orotic acid excretion is useful in differentiating the cases of hyperammonemia and reduces the need for enzymatic assays on tissue biopsies for decisions on therapy. The data indicate that orotic acid does not merely reflect ammonia concentration in plasma, but depends on carbamylphosphate concentration. Arginine could play a key role in the regulation of ammonia detoxication.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1980

Increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men treated short-term with the diuretic chlorthalidone.

The effect of the diuretic chlorthalidone (100 mg/day for 6 weeks) on serum lipoproteins was evaluated in 37 subjects. In 19 men with essential hypertension (aged 41 +/- 3 yr), 8 normal men (26 +/- 3 yr), or all of these men considered together, chlorthalidone significantly increased serum low density lipoprotein--cholesterol (LDL-C) by 20% (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). There was also a tendency for increased LDL-C in seven postmenopausal women (+/- 15%) but not in three premenopausal women with essential hypertension. High density lipoprotein--cholesterol was not significantly changed in hypertensive women or normal men and decreased slightly (p less than 0.05) in hypertensive men. Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B were not changed significantly in women or men. Diuretic-induced lipoprotein alterations were not associated with altered plasma volume and unrelated to variations in serum potassium, glucose, insulin levels, blood pressure, and body weight. Short-term diuretic therapy with chlorthalidone may increase serum LDL-C in young or middle-aged men with normal or high blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Hepatic ornithine aminotransferase in the rat after portacaval shunt.

L-Ornithine (2-oxoacid aminotransferase, OKT) has been determined in the livers of portacaval shunt (PCS) rats, submitted to different diets, influencing blood brain amino acid transport. OKT activity was not greatly influenced by PCS. An in vivo stimulatory effect by branched chain amino acids and arginine could not be observed or confirmed by amino acid analysis in liver tissue. However, after the addition of glucose to the diet, a significant drop of OKT activity occurred.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Determination of orotic acid in children's urine.

A reliable method is described for the determination of urinary orotic acid. The orotic acid is separated quickly and easily from the urine by anion exchange chromatography. Reference values are reported for children. The method is suitable for the differentiation of those inherited metabolic defects that lead to hyperammonemia.

Adolescent↗