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Biomedical subjects

C B Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C B Wilson.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Experimental cervical myelopathy. Effects of ischemia and compression of the canine cervical spinal cord.

The authors report experiments designed to test the effect of regional ischemia induced by selective vascular ligations and anterior compression of the cervical cord at two adjacent segments (C-4, C-5) in the same dog. They conclude that local ischemia of the cervical cord, caused by local deformation, when superimposed on a regional reduction in spinal cord blood flow, accounts for the myelopathy of cervical spondylosis whether produced experimentally in animals or occurring naturally in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Chemotherapeutic implications of growth fraction and cell cycle time in glioblastomas.

Four patients received 3H-thymidine 4 to 7 days and vinblastine 4 to 6 hours prior to operation for recurrent malignant gliomas (three glioblastomas and one anaplastic astrocytoma). Tumor biopsies obtained at operation were fixed for routine histological studies and radioautography. The tumors' growth fractions averaged 0.28 with a range of 0.14 to 0.39. The tumor cell cycle time calculated in three patients had a mean duration of 57 hours with a standard deviation of 6 hours. The authors concluded that: 1) single short-term courses of cell-cycle specific chemotherapeutic agents alone will probably fail to achieve either significant reduction in tumor mass or dramatic clinical improvement; 2) cell-cycle phase-specific drugs should be administered to maintain effective blood levels over 2 to 3 days for maximal tumor cell kill. Tumor growth rate appears to correlate with the fraction of proliferating cells rather than the length of the tumor cell cycle. The scientific basis for combination drug and multimodality therapy is discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1975

Long-term survival of patients treated with BCNU for brain tumors.

The authors present three patients who, after excision and irradiation of their brain tumors, were treated with BCNU for recurrence. All three patients responded well and now are without evidence of tumor, 37, 30, and 36 months after BCNU was stopped. Although these patients represent only a small fraction of those treated with BCNU, they indicate the potential role of chemotherapy in the management of glial tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Use of the operating microscope in anterior cervical discectomy without fusion.

The authors report their experience using the operating microscope in 52 anterior cervical discectomies without fusion. They found long-term results highly satisfactory, even in difficult cases with multiple-level disease, and complications from bone grafting were obviated. They highly recommend this approach for radicular, nonradicular, or myelopathic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pneumocephalus following ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Case report.

The authors describe a case of massive pneumocephalus following ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus. After multiple diagnostic and surgical procedures, congenital defects in the tegmen tympani of both temporal bones were identified as the sources for entry of air. A functioning shunt intermittently established negative intracranial pressure and allowed ingress of air through these abnormalities; when the shunt was occluded, air did not enter the skull, and there was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Repair of these middle ear defects prevented further recurrence of pneumocephalus.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cervical spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis. Case report.

The authors describe as case in which cervical spondylolysis was found at multiple levels with spondylolisthesis and associated neurological deficits. Radiographic findings with the absence of history of trauma suggest a congenital etiology.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1975

Chemotherapeutic implications of early tumor cell growth in an animal brain-tumor model.

The onset of tumor cell proliferation was determined in an animal brain-tumor model in which tumor cells had been injected into the cerebrum of rats through a hollow stainless steel screw implanted stereotactically. Tritiated thymidine uptake in the DNA at various periods after injection of tumor cells indicated no significant proliferation of tumor cells until 168-192 hours post implantation, after which tritium uptake increased exponentially. Control rats with screws alone or screws through which balanced salt solution had been injected showed an increased uptake at 72 hours, a phenomenon not observed in animals given tumor cells. Our findings suggested that, in the tumor model described, experimental chemotherapy tests should be deferred until at least 7 days post implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

In vitro evaluation of in vivo brain tumor chemotherapy with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea.

An in vitro colony formation assay was used to determine the efficacy of in vitro therapy with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) on a rat brain tumor. The fraction of clonogenic cells surviving in vivo therapy was determined by a comparison between the in vitro colony-forming capacity of cells derived from previously treated and untreated tumors. With this intracerebral solid tumor a direct correlation was found between the surviving fraction of cells and animal survival, implying that the in vitro assay system is a reliable test of therapeutic effect. The BCNU dose-response curve was exponential up to a dose of 0.75 times the LD10 dose with little additional cell kill noted at higher drug levels. This plateau does not appear to represent a resistant subpopulation of cells, since retreatment of tumors derived from cells surviving an LD10 dose were as sensitive to BCNU as those with no prior drug exposure. Instead, it may represent, at least in part, failure of the drug to reach and/or enter cells in all parts of solid tumors. On the average BCNU doses of 0.75 times the LD10 dose or greater resulted in slightly more than a 3-log cell kill and doubled the life-span for our tumor-bearing animals. The finding that an increase in animal life-span requires at least a 1-log tumor cell kill indicates that survival studies with intracranial tumor models may be insensitive to single courses of many chemotherapeutic agents with modest but significant antitumor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Photochemotherapy of glioma cells by visible light and hematoporphyrin.

Malignant tumors take up and retain hematoporphyrin to a much greater extent than do normal tissues. Porphyrins are photodynamic agents that sensitize cells so that they are damaged by exposure to light. Treatment with hematoporphyrin followed by irradiation with light can destroy glioma cells in culture in less than 8 min and gliomas growing s.c. in rats in about 40 min. Photochemotherapy may become useful in the management of malignant tumors that are resistant to current methods of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Surgical treatment of intracranial vascular malformations.

Arteriovenous malformations often pursue a progressive course, increasing in morbidity and mortality. Whenever possible they should be excised totally. The operating microscope, bipolar coagulation and high quality angiography have extended the generally accepted indications for surgical operation. Intraoperative adjuncts of contrast angiography and cardiac green have been helpful in accurately defining deep or complex lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Hyperoncotic albumin infusion in experimental glomerulonephritis in rats: A micropuncture study.

The effect of infusion of hyperonciotic (25 g% salt-poor bovine plasma albumin) (0.06 g% of body weight) has been studied using clearance and micropuncture techniques in animals with two forms of immunologically induced experimental glomerulonephritis and in age-matched control rats. In control rats the significant natriuresis and diuresis after hyperoncotic albumin were associated with decreased fractional and absolute proximal reabsorption, decreased calculated efferent oncotic pressure, and a transitory rise in efferent arteriolar hydrostatic pressure. These findings, however, do not necessarily indicate a predominant role for peritubular "physical factors" in the control of proximal reabsorption. In glomerulonephritic rats a smaller diuresis and an insignificant natriuresis were found after hyperoncotic albumin, especially in anti-GBM nephritis, when no change in SNGFR or proximal absolute reabsorption occurred. In AICN there was a rise in SNGFR and a fall in absolute reabsorptive rate, especially in those nephrons with high filtration rates. There was no evidence that any alteration in efferent arteriolar hydrostatic pressure of calculated efferent oncotic pressure had occurred.

Animals↗