Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C B Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C B Wilson.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Thyrotrophin-producing pituitary adenomas.

Hyperthyroidism due to thyrotrophin (TSH)-secreting pituitary tumors is rare. Four cases are described, with the features that allow preoperative diagnosis. In all the patients, thyroid hormone production was consistently elevated despite antithyroid therapy, and TSH levels were inappropriately elevated. All patients were treated with both surgery and irradiation. Each patient had recurrent tumor with suprasellar, intrasphenoidal, or intraorbital spread. The combination of a recurrent, aggressive tumor complicated by thyrotoxicosis makes this a complex and difficult surgical problem.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Persistence and late malignant transformation of childhood cerebellar astrocytoma. Case report.

A 5-year-old girl with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma subsequently had multiple episodes of symptomatic recurrence over the course of 21 years of follow-up review. This lesion underwent histological transformation to an anaplastic small-cell neoplasm 21 years after the initial resection and diagnosis. Late transformation of benign childhood cerebellar astrocytomas to malignant astrocytic tumors is very rare; transformation to an anaplastic small-cell neoplasm has not been reported previously. This case and other reported cases in which juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma recurred after a long interval indicate the requirement of long-term follow-up review of these patients before assuming either a cure or arrest of the tumor's growth.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1982

Management of Pseudomonas osteochondritis complicating puncture wounds of the foot.

Pseudomonas osteochondritis following puncture wounds of the foot is described in 13 children. All children had received at least one oral antibiotic and local wound therapy before admission; none had improved on these modalities. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated alone from seven patients and with one or more other organisms from six patients. Initial administration of parenteral antibiotics active against Pseudomonas for one to 14 days did not result in clinical improvement. Eradication of Pseudomonas osteochondritis occurred in each patient only after thorough surgical debridement and curettage of all infected tissue. Following thorough surgical debridement, anti-Pseudomonas antibiotic therapy was continued for five to 14 days (10.8 +/- 2.7 days). The successful treatment of Pseudomonas osteochondritis should include adequate surgical debridement of all infected tissue; following thorough debridement, only one to two weeks of anti-Pseudomonas antibiotic therapy appears to be necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of muramyl dipeptide on superoxide anion release and on anti-microbial activity of human macrophages.

Exposure of human monocyte derived macrophages to muramyl dipeptide in vitro increased phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated O2- release by these cells; the activity of such macrophages against Toxoplasma gondii or against Staphylococcus aureus was not increased. The failure of muramyl dipeptide to enhance human macrophage anti-microbial activity correlated with the failure of muramyl dipeptide to enhance O2- release in response to phagocytic stimuli. These results and those previously published by others indicate that muramyl dipeptide may enhance release of certain inflammatory mediators (O2- and endogenous pyrogen) without enhancing the anti-microbial activity of human macrophages.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1982

Specific uptake of Heymann's nephritic kidney eluate by rat kidney: studies in vivo and in isolated perfused kidneys.

Antiglomerular antibodies have recently been found in immunoglobulin eluted from kidneys of rats with Heymann's nephritis. To demonstrate a role for these antibodies in the pathogenesis of Heymann's nephritis, paired-label radioisotope studies were used in the current study to quantitate binding of the eluted antibody to glomeruli of isolated perfused rat kidneys. In this perfusion situation, which largely excludes the formation of circulating immune complexes, specific binding of 0.9 to 3.2 per cent of the total eluate protein infused was found with 9 to 33 per cent of the bound protein recovered in the glomerular fractions. Specific glomerular binding was also observed after administration of the paired-label mixture to intact rats. Glomerular immunoglobulin deposits and subepithelial electron-dense deposits similar to those found in rats with Heymann's nephritis were produced by intravenous administration of the eluted antibody. Direct bonding of antibody to glomerular capillary wall antigens, in the manner similar to that established for antiglomerular basement membrane antibody, must be considered in the immunopathogenesis of Heymann's nephritis and potentially in some forms of human glomerular injury as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cellular antibiotic pharmacology.

Many perinatal pathogens are able to survive and in some cases replicate intracellularly. With the exception of viruses and toxoplasma, these pathogens principally infect phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Such intracellular organisms, by evading the effects of antibiotics that act only extracellularly, may respond poorly to conventional therapy. Of currently available antibiotics, rifampin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim are the most active intracellularly. Other antibiotics are either taken up by cells but appear to be inactive intracellularly (lincomycin) or are excluded from cells (penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides). The clinical role of antibiotics that are active intracellularly is not clear; anecdotal human experience and limited controlled animal experience suggests that they may be useful in the treatment of some infections. Because of the decreased microbicidal activity of newborn phagocytes, intracellular activity of antibiotics may be of greater importance than in older patients. Further study is needed to answer these questions. Methods of enhancing intracellular activity of antibiotics are available should this property prove to be desirable.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Prolactinoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

CSF polyamines: a new and important means of monitoring patients with medulloblastoma.

An earlier study that showed the importance of cerebrospinal fluid polyamine levels for monitoring patients harboring medulloblastomas was expanded to 210 determinations evaluated in 32 patients. The results and conclusions of our earlier study have been confirmed in this expanded patient group. Patient status, with regard to either progression or regression of tumor, was determined by correlating polyamine levels with neurologic examination, computerized tomography, radionuclide scan, cerebrospinal fluid cytology, and myelography. The polyamine assay was predictive of recurrence in 15 patients; three false negatives and no false positives were found. We feel that cerebrospinal fluid polyamine determinations should be a routine diagnostic procedure in the long-term monitoring of patients harboring medulloblastoma.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1981

Subhypothalamic grafts of human pituitary adenomas in total-body irradiated rats.

Human pituitary adenomas proliferate neither in cell culture nor in athymic "nude" mice. We propose that one or several of the humoral factors necessary for the growth of pituitary adenomas is missing in these experimental environments. The purpose of our experiments was to examine the possible influence of the hypothalamus in supporting cellular proliferation, and thus adenoma growth. Fragments from four human pituitary adenomas (three pituitary prolactinomas; one ACTH-secreting adenoma) were transplanted into the pituitary fossa of total-body irradiated, hypophysectomized rats. The rats were killed after two weeks and perfused with a mixture of formalin and India ink. Histologic examination of serial sagittal sections through the pituitary fossa and the adjacent brain showed: vascularization of the grafts from the pituitary stalk and from the scar tissue in the sphenoid bone; survival of some adenomas; and numerous mitoses in an ACTH-secreting specimen obtained from a patient who had Cushing's disease. We conclude from these experiments that as yet unidentified hypothalamus factors are essential for the growth of certain types of pituitary adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Potentials and possible pitfalls of human stem cell analysis.

A clonogenic cell assay for malignant brain tumors that permits the evaluation of tumor cell sensitivity to BCNU and that correlates with patient response to BCNU has been developed. The potential for a stem cell analysis of human tumors has been demonstrated by studies of the reasons for clinical drug failure, tumor heterogeneity, and age-response relationships. The basic requirements of a stem cell assay include the ability to dissociate representative single cells from solid tumors, to optimize culture conditions, and to characterize the growth of colonies. Exposure of cells to a drug in vitro must be comparable to the in situ situation; possible significant differences between short-term and "continuous" treatment methods are emphasized. Also discussed are criteria for in vitro sensitivity of cells, problems inherent in the "early" evaluation of cultures (at the cell "cluster" stage), and the effects of system errors, which if overcome should lead to the development of analytic methods with a maximum sensitivity and predictive value.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Studies of the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis, obstructive uropathy, and intestinal malabsorption in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is described who displayed the unusual extraglomerular syndromes of interstitial cystitis with obstructive uropathy and severe secretory-type diarrhea with intestinal malabsorption. Pathologic investigations into the nature of these events revealed immunofluorescent deposits in blood vessel walls of the small intestine and urinary bladder. The patient's malabsorption state and cystitis with urinary obstruction regressed with therapy of the SLE. We are postulating that immune complexes from the circulation may deposit in blood vessel walls, and may be responsible for tissue injury in these sites and the clinical manifestations of this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Peripheral and midbrain oculomotor palsies from operations for basilar bifurcation aneurysm in a series of 31 cases.

We evaluated oculomotor complications that occurred following surgical treatment of basilar bifurcation aneurysms in a series of 31 patients at the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco. Twenty-one of these patients developed an oculomotor palsy following operation. In 9 patients, the oculomotor palsy was the only complication. In 3 others, the oculomotor palsy was bilateral, suggesting injury to the oculomotor nucleus. In 9 additional patients, the oculomotor palsy was accompanied by a hemiparesis, indicating vascular injury to the peduncle. Recovery from isolated oculomotor palsy was excellent; when injury to the brain stem accompanied the oculomotor palsy, recovery was incomplete.

Basilar Artery↗
PubMed1981

Glomerular immune injury in the rat: the influence of angiotensin II and alpha-adrenergic inhibitors.

Nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) decreases significantly after the administration of large doses of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM) as a result of reductions in both nephron (renal) plasma flow (RPF) and the glomerular permeability coefficient (LpA). We have examined the participation of angiotensin II (AII) and alpha-adrenergic activity in this process in paired studies in three groups of Munich-Wistar rats: group 1, control and untreated; group 2, rats receiving continuous infusion of sar1-ala8-AII (1 microgram . kg of body wt-1 . min-1), and AII receptor antagonist; and group 3, rats receiving continuous infusion of phentolamine (27 micrograms . kg body wt-1 . min-1), a dose sufficient to block alpha-adrenergic responses. In group 1, SNGFR decreased from 58 +/- 4 to 35 +/- 6 nl . min-1 . g kidney wt-1 (P less than 0.001) after anti-GMB administration due to reductions in RPF (272 +/- 35 to 170 +/- 52 nl . min-1 . g of kidney wt-1, P less than 0.0001) and LpA (0.13 +/- 0.03 to 0.04 +/- 0.01 nl . sec-1 . g of kidney wt-1 . mm Hg-1, P less than 0.02). In group 2, the sar1-ala8-AII-infused rats. SNGFR decreased to a greater extent than it did in group 1 (P less than 0.01) (55 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 6 nl . min-1 . g of kidney wt-1, P less than 0.005) due to a greater reduction in RPF and a similar decrease in LpA. In group 3, phentolamine infusion prevented the decrease in SNGFR (52 +/- 3 to 52 +/- 4 nl . min-1 . g of kidney wt-1, NS) due primarily to elimination of vasoconstriction and a significantly lesser reduction in LpA (0.10 +/- 0.02 to 0.07 +/- 0.01 nl . sec-1 . g of kidney wt-1 . mm HG-1). There were no morphologic differences after anti-GBM administration that were unique to group 3. Blockade of AII activity does not prevent immune induced vasoconstriction or the reduction in LpA. alpha-Adrenergic blockage (1) prevents acute immune induced vasoconstriction and (2) partially prevents the imune induced reduction in LpA.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

Glomerular immune injury in the rat: effect of antagonists of histamine activity.

The participation of histamine via H1 and H2 receptors, in the alteration of glomerular ultrafiltration consequent to acute glomerular immune injury was evaluated in three groups of Munich-Wistar rats, before and after the administration of large doses of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (AGBM). Group 1 was the control and was untreated; group 2, rats continuously infused with H1 receptor antagonist diphenhydramine; and group 3, rats receiving continuous infusion of the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. In group 1, nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) decreased within 60 min after AGBM from 58 +/- 2 to 32 +/- 5 nl . min-1 . g kidney wt-1 (P less than 0.0005) due to decreases in both nephron plasma flow (RPF) (291 +/- 35 to 119 +/- 23 nl . min-1 . g kidney wt-1) (P less than 0.0005) and the glomerular permeability coefficient (LpA) (0.13 +/- 0.02 to 0.06 +/- 0.01 nl . sec-1 . g kidney wt-1 . mm Hg-1) (P less than 0.01). In group 2, SNGFR decreased similarly with AGBM (59 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 10 nl . mm-1 . g kidney wt-1) (P less than 0.0005) due again to major reductions in RPF and LpA, suggesting no protective effect of H1 receptor blockade. In group 3, control, pre-AGBM values for SNGFR and RPF were lower than they were in groups 1 and 2 due to cimetidine infusion. SNGFR and RPF decreased but to a lesser extent in group 3 (48 +/- 3 to 41 nl . min-1 . g kidney wt-1) (P less than 0.0005). Renal vascular resistance did not change after AGBM in this group but interpretation of this finding is complicated because blood pressure decreased after the antibody administration. LpA decreased in group 3 as in group 1, therefore neither H1 nor H2 receptor antagonist prevented reductions in LpA. The absence of vasoconstriction after AGBM during H2 receptor blockade may have been a nonspecific effect of cimetidine. Histamine plays no major role in AGBM-induced immune injury in the rat and does not prevent a reduction in nephron filtration rate.

Animals↗