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Biomedical subjects

C B Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to C B Thompson.

317 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of the c-myb proto-oncogene during cellular proliferation.

In several cell types, messenger RNA levels of the nuclear proto-oncogene c-myb vary as a function of cellular proliferation; a transient increase in c-myb steady-state mRNA, mediated by post-transcriptional mechanisms, occurs during cell-cycle progression. In contrast, both quiescent and proliferating immature thymocytes contain exceptionally high levels of c-myb mRNA as a consequence of increased c-myb transcription.

Animals↗
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Augmented in vitro presentation of Mls determinants after anti-immunoglobulin-induced B cell activation: ontogeny and role of purified B cells.

Murine splenocytes which contained B cells activated by in vivo exposure to affinity-purified goat anti-mouse IgD (GaMD) antibody were utilized to present major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mlsa) determinants in a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). As the time in hours after in vivo exposure to GaMD increased, splenocytes from adult mice showed a co-ordinate increase in cell size, expression of public and private MHC class II antigenic determinants and MHC and Mlsa antigen-presenting capacity. This augmented alloantigen-presenting capacity was demonstrable with either irradiated or mitomycin C-treated adult splenocytes. In contrast, GaMD-treated neonatal splenocytes from 10-day-old mice demonstrated no significantly increased class II expression or enhanced MHC stimulatory capacity, but nevertheless triggered augmented responder cell proliferation across an Mlsa barrier. Thus, increased class II expression or presenting capacity may not be required for an augmentation in splenocyte Mls-stimulating ability to occur. In vitro exposure of T cell-depleted splenocytes or highly purified small resting B cells to GaMD or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a substantially increased ability in those populations to present MHC and Mlsa antigens in a primary MLR. Hence in vivo or in vitro activation of B lymphocytes in a stimulator cell population may yield more effective presentation of MHC and non-MHC determinants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental change in Na,K-ATPase alpha1 and beta1 expression in normal and hypothyroid rat renal cortex.

Renal Na,K-ATPase drives active reabsorption of sodium and cotransported solutes along the nephron. There is a large increase in net Na(+) reabsorption in the postnatal rat kidney. It has previously been established that the postnatal increase in expression of sodium pump isoforms in the brain, but not the heart, is blunted in the hypothyroid neonate. The aims of this study were to establish whether the developmental increase in renal sodium transport is associated with coordinate increases in the abundance of the sodium pump alpha(1) catalytic and beta(1) glycoprotein subunits and Na,K-ATPase activity, and to determine whether thyroid status influences the postnatal increase in renal Na,K-ATPase expression. Pregnant rats were made hypothyroid with low iodine diet, propylthiouracil and perchlorate. Offspring were hypothyroid assessed by triiodothyronine/thyroxine RIA. Renal cortical membranes were prepared from euthyroid and hypothyroid rats from 6 to 24 days of age. There was no change in Na,K-ATPase activity or expression between 6 and 15 days. Between 15 and 24 days, Na,K-ATPase activity increased 1.35-fold while sodium pump alpha(1) and beta(1) subunit abundance increased coordinately to 1.7- and 2-fold over the previous period, respectively. In hypothyroid neonates, kidney weight was less than in euthyroids, and Na,K-ATPase activity, alpha(1) and beta(1) subunit pool sizes did not significantly increase as a function of age between 6 and 24 days. We conclude that the postnatal increase in sodium pump activity can be accounted for by coordinate increases in the pool sizes of alpha(1) and beta(1) subunits and that, like in brain, this increased Na,K-ATPase expression is dependent on normal thyroid status.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in brain regions with low blood flow during the early postischemic period.

In an anesthetized canine model in which ischemia was induced by incremental air embolism, 16 animals were exposed to 1 hr of ischemia and monitored for 10 min (n = 4), 60 min (n = 6), or 240 min (n = 6). Fourteen animals were observed for corresponding periods without being subjected to ischemia 70 min (n = 4), 120 min (n = 4), or 300 min (n = 6). Autologous granulocytes were labeled with 111In and reinfused just before ischemia. At the conclusion of each experiment, a 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic blood flow study was performed. Granulocyte accumulation measured by gamma scintigraphy (cpm/gm) occurred in the injured hemisphere of ischemic animals at 60 min in anterior brain segments and at 240 min in anterior, middle, and posterior segments. By means of a double-label autoradiography technique, clustering of punctate granulocyte images was detected in regions of low flow or heterogeneous flow in half of the animals at both 60 min and 240 min postischemia. Granulocyte clustering did not occur in the autoradiograms of nonischemic animals. The results implicate granulocyte participation in the acute phase of ischemic brain injury and signal a convergence of hemostatic and inflammatory processes during the immediate postischemic period.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis, processes, and techniques. Case study.

The case studies will represent a wide variety of scenarios encountered in the field of healthcare information system technology implementation. We hope that the series will be of value to readers of Computers in Nursing. We encourage feedback so that subsequent cases within the series can be tailored to meet the needs of readers.

Case Management↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical informatics case study. Computerized protocols for ventilator management in ARDS patients. Case study.

The implementation of the computerized protocol for mechanical ventilation management should be considered successful. Of the 11 sites, only 4 encountered major difficulties. One site could be considered an implementation failure. At this site the protocol software, which was loaded onto the existing computerized patient documentation system, did not initially function smoothly and it severely affected the trust at the clinical site. At the other three sites system usage was minimal due to time requirements of the study rather than a failure to accept the decision support system. Implementation methods suggested by authors such as Whitten and Bentley were found to be successful. Methods of particular use included obtaining buy-in of key personnel, contacting and working with IS personnel early in the project, providing adequate training and reference materials for clinical and support personnel, and providing extra training for some users, thereby creating a "super-user" role. Finally, factors for success of a clinical trial to evaluate a decision support system are slightly different from those for successful use of the system. Time necessary for research functions such as patient screening and recruitment must be considered at the outset and planned for accordingly.

Clinical Protocols↗
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Stand-alone database for an air transport program.

This case study demonstrates both the positive and the negative aspects of developing a stand-alone database for use by a small unit of a larger organization. The advantages center on the ability to tailor the program to the requirements of a single unit. The disadvantages relate to the inability to apply systemwide resources to the problem, the dependence upon a small group of experts who are able to modify and maintain the program, and the inability to share data across organizational units. Units that are contemplating the development of an isolated database to meet the needs of a small unit are advised to consider their development in light of the needs of the entire organization. A unit should explore all other options for meeting its and information management needs before embarking on an isolated database project. They also should identify a method for eventual consolidation of information resources. Finally, when at all possible, a solution should not center upon the talents of a single individual. This approach sets up the organization for problems when that individual leaves the organization or moves on to another position.

Aviation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the nursing intervention classification for use by flight nurses.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to determine if terminology used for nursing interventions in air transport records is consistent with the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive design was used to examine the terminology used in air transport records. The sample included the transport records for 46 cardiac patients transported by air. RESULTS: Of the 7958 data elements obtained from the transport records, 1435 were nursing interventions. Ninety-nine percent of the interventions could be classified into the NIC. However, 8.5% of the NIC interventions listed did not reflect the advanced level of practice demonstrated by the flight nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that the current version of the NIC was a useful but not a sufficient classification system for flight nurse documentation. More than 90% of the interventions could be categorized using the NIC. However, modifications are needed to reflect the advanced level of practice used by flight nurses and deal with the inconsistencies in the data classification system structure.

Air Ambulances↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Description of a graduate program in clinical nursing informatics.

This article describes the history and development of the Clinical Nursing Informatics Program at the University of Utah College of Nursing. Program philosophy and curriculum are discussed in the context of the conceptual framework. Courses and student projects are described. The authors reflect on the ensuing stage of program development.

Computer Systems↗
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Overexpression of BCL-x protein in primary breast cancer is associated with high tumor grade and nodal metastases.

PURPOSE: Dysregulation of genes that control apoptosis can contribute to tumor progression and increased drug resistance. The BCL2 gene and its family member BCL-x as well as the TP53 genes regulate apoptosis and have been shown to have a direct effect on the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS: The expression of BCL-x, a BCL2-related protein that is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis, was investigated by immunohistochemical and immunoblot methods in 43 primary untreated breast carcinomas, in conjunction with BCL2 and TP53. RESULTS: BCL-x protein was overexpressed in 18 of 42 (43%) invasive breast cancers when compared with adjacent normal breast epithelium. Western blot analysis of eight primary breast cancers and five breast cancer cell lines indicated that BCL-xL was the predominant BCL-x protein expressed. Overexpression of BCL-x protein in these tumors was associated with higher tumor grade and increased number of positive nodes. In contrast, BCL2 protein was overexpressed in 19 of 42 tumors (45%) and was strongly correlated with estrogen receptor positivity, lower tumor grade, smaller tumor size, and lower stage. TP53 protein immunostaining was detected in 12 of 40 tumors (29%) and was inversely correlated with BCL2 expression and ER positivity. There was no correlation between the level of BCL-x protein expression and age, tumor size, ER status, and TP53 status. At a median follow-up time of 216 weeks, there was a trend toward decreased overall survival in patients with tumors overexpressing BCL-x. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that expression of BCL-x protein is increased in a significant fraction of invasive breast cancers. In contrast to BCL2 expression, up-regulation of BCL-x protein may be a marker of tumor progression. Additional data including larger numbers of patients, more uniform treatments, and longer follow-up are needed to define the prognostic significance of overexpression of BCL-x during breast cancer progression.

Adult↗