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Biomedical subjects

C B Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C B Taylor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Depressive symptoms and substance use among adolescent binge eaters and purgers: a defined population study.

We surveyed 646 tenth grade females in Northern California to assess the prevalence of binge eating and purging behaviors. Of these, 10.3 per cent met study criteria for bulimia and an additional 10.4 per cent reported purging behaviors for weight control. Bulimics and purgers were heavier, had greater triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, and reported higher rates of drunkenness, marijuana use, cigarette use, and greater levels of depressive symptomatology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Childhood leukemia: cerebrospinal fluid enolase isoenzymes in central nervous system infiltration.

Enolase isoenzymes were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of seven consecutive children with lymphoblastic leukemia who developed meningeal (CNS) leukemia. Assays were performed at the time CNS disease was discovered and during the subsequent 4 weeks. Three of the seven were also examined 1-3 months before CNS relapse was confirmed. Fourteen children on similar systemic therapy without CNS infiltration served as controls. Prior to and at the onset of CNS disease alpha enolase was elevated in all patients studied. The gamma form was raised in only one beforehand and only three at the time of relapse. The alpha isoenzyme was related to the blast cell count and fell during therapy in all but one child, whereas the gamma was not and showed no significant change. The three patients with raised gamma enolase were the only children with other than common lymphoblastic leukemia. There was no clear indication whether either enzyme concentration had any importance in terms of disease outcome, although one child developed a further CNS relapse 10 months later. He was the only patient whose alpha enolase rose following intrathecal methotrexate. Neuronal disruption due to common lymphoblastic leukemia in the CNS appears to be minimal. Other types of leukemia may give rise to more neuronal damage. The alpha isoenzyme, from glial tissue and malignant cells, may be elevated even in the absence of detectable blasts in the cerebrospinal fluid and may be a sensitive marker of CNS infiltration in such circumstances.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Self-induced vomiting and laxative and diuretic use among teenagers. Precursors of the binge-purge syndrome?

Bulimia (binge-purge syndrome) is a recently described but apparently common eating disorder. Purging behaviors associated with bulimia can cause serious medical complications. Prevalence data on purging behaviors are lacking for younger adolescents. A survey was conducted with 1,728 tenth-grade students to assess their attitudes about eating, dieting, weight control, and frequency of purging. Height, weight, and skin-fold thicknesses were also measured. Thirteen percent reported purging behavior. Female purgers outnumbered male purgers 2 to 1. Male purgers were significantly heavier than male nonpurgers and had significantly greater skin-fold thicknesses and weight/height2 ratios. Both male and female purgers felt guiltier after eating large amounts of food, counted calories more often, dieted more frequently, and exercised less than nonpurgers. Our findings suggest that an alarming number of young adolescents may employ unhealthy weight regulation strategies. Physicians who see adolescents should look for the presence of the attitudes and behaviors that characterize bulimia; this will enhance the likelihood of detection of the disorder and prevention of its complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of prescribed increases in physical activity: application of a new method for microprocessor analysis of heart rate.

A portable solid-state recorder-display system was used to measure and analyze heart rate during the waking hours of 3 consecutive days in free-living sedentary normal middle-aged men who were randomized to undergo 3 regimens of physical activity during a 12-week period: low-intensity exercise training at home (n = 21), high-intensity exercise training at home (n = 23) and customary activity (n = 20). This was done to determine whether the system could detect changes in heart rate and, indirectly, in physical activity within the 3 groups. In both training groups the percentage of total recorded time spent within the prescribed high or low heart rate range recorded at 6 or 12 weeks increased significantly (p less than 0.05), whereas control subjects showed no increase above baseline values. Peak oxygen consumption increased by 8% and 17% in men undergoing low- and high-intensity training, whereas in control subjects it did not change. This solid-state system reliably measures prescribed increases in heart rate and provides an indirect measure of physical activity in normal sedentary men undergoing exercise training at home.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1986

Effects of low- and high-intensity home-based exercise training on functional capacity in healthy middle-aged men.

The effects of 12 weeks of home-based exercise training on peak oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in healthy sedentary middle-aged men, mean age 49 +/- 6 years, were evaluated. Twenty-one men trained at low intensity, 23 trained at high intensity and 20 were control subjects. Individually prescribed low- and high-intensity training was performed 5 times per week within a range of 42 to 60% and 63 to 81% of baseline VO2 max, corresponding to average heart rates of 102 to 122 and 128 to 148 beats/min, respectively. Caloric expenditure per training session approximated 350 kcal in both groups; adherence was at least 90% in both groups. VO2 max increased 8% in patients who trained at low intensity, 17% in those who trained at high intensity (both p less than 0.001), and not at all in control subjects. Low-intensity exercise training at home significantly augments functional capacity in healthy sedentary middle-aged men.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An immunohistochemical study of glial and neuronal markers in primary neoplasms of the central nervous system.

Paraffin-embedded tissues from 56 primary neoplasms of the central nervous system and seven cases of non-neoplastic reactive astrocytosis were examined by immunoperoxidase techniques on serial sections using monoclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the 68 kDa neurofilament subunit and monospecific polyclonal antibodies to alpha- and gamma-enolase. gamma-Enolase was present in all neoplasms of neuronal origin, but was also present in anaplastic gliomas (particularly in giant cells), in some well-differentiated astrocytomas and reactive astrocytes. The cells containing gamma-enolase in these cases appeared morphologically identical to those containing alpha-enolase and GFAP in adjacent serial sections. No relationship was found between gamma-enolase immunoreactivity and cellular anaplasia in the gliomas studied. Subependymal neoplasms from patients with tuberose sclerosis exhibited evidence of both astrocytic and neuronal differentiation, sometimes in morphologically distinct cell populations, consistent with their suggested origin from a primitive cell line.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1986

Autonomic characteristics of agoraphobia with panic attacks.

We compared electrodermal and heart rate measures of autonomic activation between patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks and controls in terms of tonic level, reactivity to various types of stimuli, recovery, habituation, and spontaneous variability. The most striking differences between groups in the laboratory were higher tonic levels of skin conductance and heart rate among patients. Patients' heart rates were also tonically elevated in a test situation outside the laboratory. Certain measures of habituation and spontaneous variability also differed between groups, but there were only weak and inconsistent differences in reactivity to, or recovery from, stimuli with diverse qualities of novelty, startlingness, intensity, or phobicity. The elevated activation levels may be signs of a chronic state or may be phobic responses to the testing situations. A minority of patients failed to show these elevated levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effects of exercise training programs on psychosocial improvement in uncomplicated postmyocardial infarction patients.

To determine the effects of exercise training programs on psychosocial improvement in uncomplicated postmyocardial infarction patients, 210 male patients hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were randomized to three week symptom limited treadmill (TM) plus home exercise training, TM plus medically supervised gym training, TM without formal exercise program or control, where patients were seen only at six months post MI. Patients in this sample were at low risk for psychosocial disturbance (13% were moderate to severely depressed, 23% reported marital disturbance and 3% were extremely anxious). Patients in the training groups improved from 3 to 26 weeks post MI on all depression and anxiety measures. The gym training group showed a significant reduction on one depression measure compared to no training and on one anxiety measure compared to controls.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Predictors of adoption and maintenance of physical activity in a community sample.

Predictors of changes in three measures of physical activity over 1 year were examined in a community sample of 1,411 California adults. Five percent of women and 11% of men adopted vigorous activities (e.g., running), and 26% of men and 34% of women adopted regular moderate activity (e.g., walking). About 50% of vigorous exercisers and 25-35% of moderate exercisers dropped out in 1 year. About 9% reported large 1-year increases in globally rated activity level, while about 7% reported decreases in global activity. In multivariate analyses, adoption of vigorous activity was predicted by young age, male gender, and self-efficacy. Maintenance of vigorous activity was predicted by attitudes toward physical activity. Adoption of moderate activity was predicted by health knowledge, and maintenance was predicted by specific exercise knowledge, female gender, and self-efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Lactate infusions and panic attacks: do patients and controls respond differently?

Ten patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks and 10 normal controls received infusions of normal saline (placebo) and sodium lactate in a single-blind design. The time course of changes in the dependent variables was closely monitored, and expectancy biases and demand characteristics were minimized. Lactate increased self-reported anxiety and heart rate equally in patients and controls. The only variables showing statistically different responses between the groups were systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Overall, in both groups, the effects of lactate were quite similar to states of natural panic or anxiety for both self-report measures and heart rate. Patients had a tendency to endorse somatic symptoms indiscriminately. Our data do not support response to lactate as a biological marker of proneness to panic attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ambulatory heart rate changes in patients with panic attacks.

Of 33 "panic" attacks reported by patients wearing an ambulatory solid-state heart rate/activity monitor for 6 days, 19 (58%) occurred at heart rates disproportionate to activity levels and different enough from surrounding heart rates to indicate a distinct physiologic state. Intense panic attacks with three or more symptoms were the most readily identified. ECG monitoring found the elevated heart rates to be sinus tachycardias. Heart rate elevation did not occur during anticipatory anxiety episodes. Ambulatory heart rate recordings confirm the presence of major physiologic changes during self-reported panic attacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Coffee intake and elevated cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels in men.

Coffee intake from three-day diet records was studied in association with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in a cross-sectional sample of 77 middle-aged American men to determine the significance and form of their interrelationships. The number of cups consumed per day correlated positively with levels of apolipoprotein B (r = .27, P less than or equal to .01) and became more strongly correlated when adjusted for age, cigarette use, adiposity, aerobic capacity, nutrient intake, and stress. Coffee intake also correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels when adjusted for these confounding factors. Graphic analyses revealed that plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol were unrelated to intake of up to 2 cups of coffee per day and positively associated with intake exceeding 2 to 3 cups. These results suggest that male heavy coffee drinkers have lipoprotein profiles suggestive of increased cardiovascular disease risk, although the causality remains to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Exercise testing to enhance wives' confidence in their husbands' cardiac capability soon after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction.

The effects of wives' involvement in their husbands' performance of treadmill exercise testing 3 weeks after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction was compared in 10 wives who did not observe the test, 10 who observed the test, and 10 who observed and participated in the test themselves. In a counseling session after the treadmill test, couples were fully informed about the patient's capacity to perform various physical activities. Wives' final ratings of confidence (perceived efficacy) in their husbands' physical and cardiac capability were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in those who also performed the test than in the other 2 groups. Only wives who walked on the treadmill increased their ratings of their husbands' physical and cardiac efficacy to a level equivalent to those of their husbands. Spouses' and patients' perceptions of patients' cardiac capability after treadmill testing and counseling at 3 weeks were significantly correlated with peak treadmill heart rate and workload at 11 and 26 weeks. Efficacy ratings at 3 weeks were slightly better than peak 3-week treadmill heart rate and workload as predictors of treadmill performance at 11 and 26 weeks. Participation in treadmill testing early after acute myocardial infarction is an effective means for reassuring spouses about the capacity of their partners to resume their customary physical activities with safety.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Medically directed at-home rehabilitation soon after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction: a new model for patient care.

Medically directed at-home rehabilitation was compared with group rehabilitation which began 3 weeks after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 127 men, mean age 53 +/- 7 years. Between 3 and 26 weeks after AMI, adherence to individually prescribed exercise was equally high (at least 71%), the increase in functional capacity equally large (1.8 +/- 1.0 METs) and nonfatal reinfarction and dropout rates equally low (both 3% or less) in the 66 men randomized to home training and the 61 men randomized to group training. No training-related complications occurred in either group. The low rate of reinfarction and death (5% and 1%, respectively) in the study as a whole, which included 34 patients with no training and 37 control patients, reflected a stepwise process of clinical evaluation, exercise testing at 3 weeks and frequent telephone surveillance of patients who underwent exercise training. Medically directed at-home rehabilitation has the potential to increase the availability and to decrease the cost of rehabilitating low-risk survivors of AMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a histological, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of two cases with a review of the literature.

The clinical and pathological features of two paragangliomas arising in the cauda equina are described and compared with 14 previous reports. The light microscopic features were similar to those of paragangliomas from other sites, with a 'Zellballen' pattern of cells containing argyrophil granules. Electron microscopy showed densely staining membrane-bound granules, cilia and fibrous bodies in the cytoplasm. The last two features only occur in paragangliomas from this site. gamma-Enolase was demonstrated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for the first time in these neoplasms. This technique was also used to demonstrate cytokeratins, which appear to be associated with the presence of fibrous bodies. The pathological findings suggest that paragangliomas in this site arise from pre-existing paraganglia, possibly of the visceral autonomic group. The prognosis in cases treated by complete excision appears to be good.

Adult↗