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Biomedical subjects

C B Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C B Taylor.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Epinephrine and norepinephrine responses in continuously collected human plasma to a series of stressors.

The present study employed continuous blood withdrawal to examine epinephrine and norepinephrine responses to a cognitive stressor (mental arithmetic), active physical stressors (handgrip and knee bends), passive painful stressors (venipuncture and cold pressor), and a medical procedure that was considered nonstressful (blood pressure measurements). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by time series analysis. The ANOVA indicated that epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly in response to the stressors. Epinephrine showed a greater increase to the cognitive stressor than to the others. Time series analysis, however, showed a more varied pattern. It indicated that the height and duration of response differed considerably across subjects and across interventions. The results from both analytic procedures are compared and discussed in terms of current hypotheses of catecholamine response.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enolase isoenzymes in uveal melanomas--a possible parameter of malignancy.

Seven uveal melanomas were stained for gamma enolase by an immunoperoxidase PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) technique, and biochemical assays were carried out on tissue homogenates. A correlation between the biochemical assay and the immunoperoxidase staining was demonstrated. Two tumours with the highest biochemical assays showed positive staining for the enzyme, and 2 tumours with the lowest levels showed no appreciable staining. The highest level of enolase was present in a tumour which both clinically and histologically appeared to be benign, and the lowest level occurred in a mixed cell tumour which was large in size; the low level presumably related to its relatively fast rate of growth. Estimation of gamma enolase activity in ocular melanomas may provide an accurate quantitative method for assessing the malignant potential of these tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Relaxation training. Blood pressure lowering during the working day.

Controlled studies have demonstrated that relaxation training can lead to significant in-clinic blood pressure (BP) reductions in patients with essential hypertension. We examined the BP-lowering effect of relaxation training during the working day. Forty-two patients being treated for essential hypertension with diastolic BPs greater than 90 mm Hg were randomized into either a relaxation training program or no treatment. Multiple BP measurements were made during the working hours, using an ambulatory monitoring device, before and after training. Significant work-site differences between groups were evident after treatment both for systolic and diastolic pressures. These results suggest that relaxation therapy leads to a reduction in BP that is evident in the natural environment, providing new evidence that the procedure is a useful adjunct to the treatment of hypertensive patients.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

Enolase isoenzyme distribution in the human brain and its tumours.

Using the immunoperoxidase PAP method we have studied the cellular distribution of alpha, beta and gamma enolase subtypes in normal human adult brain and in human brain neoplasms. Gamma enolase is found only in viable neurones throughout the brain. Alpha enolase is demonstrable in astrocytes, ependymal cells, capillary endothelial cells. Schwann cells and arachnoidal endothelial cells but oligodendrocytes appear to have low levels of this isoenzyme. Beta enolase is not demonstrable in normal brain tissues. Of the primary cerebral neoplasm studied only medulloblastomas and neuroblastomas did not contain demonstrable enolase. Astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrocytomas, meningiomas and acoustic neuromas all contained varying quantities of alpha enolase. No cerebral tumours contained beta or gamma enolase. Tumour and adjacent brain tissue with histological evidence of ischaemia and necrosis showed loss of cellular enolase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of 25-hydroxycholesterol in plasma lipoproteins and its role in atherogenesis. A study in squirrel monkeys.

Oxidation products of cholesterol have been shown to be potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis and also highly toxic to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. In rabbit experiments, these compounds produced arterial injury resulting in arteriosclerosis. Purified cholesterol only minimally inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis and had no effect on cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. This raises the possibility that plasma lipoproteins containing beta-apoprotein (i.e. LDL and VLDL), which are considered to be atherogenic, may carry more oxidation products than HDL which is not atherogenic [3H]25-hydroxycholesterol and [14C]cholesterol were given only orally to 10 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and blood samples were collected via femoral puncture 24 h after administration. Lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation and the radioactivity in each fraction was counted. Results show that the distribution of labeled cholesterol in VLDL, LDL, and HDL was almost identical to that of unlabeled cholesterol. Most of the radio-activity of 25-hydroxycholesterol was located in LDL & VLDL (55.1% and 34.7%, respectively), only 10.2% was present in HDL. If the radioactivity of 25-hydroxycholesterol were calculated on the basis of the apoprotein content of the lipoprotein micelle, the relative capacity of VLDL and LDL to carry 25-hydroxycholesterol was even greater and more significant than that of HDL (90 X and 42 X, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of a standardized psychological stressor on the cardiovascular response to physical effort soon after uncomplicated myocardial infarction.

To determine whether a standardized psychological stressor combined with physical stress might disclose ischemic abnormalities not evident with physical stress alone, 30 men, mean age 54, were evaluated seven weeks after clinically uncomplicated myocardial infarction. In the first 20 patients, two symptom-limited treadmill tests (TM) were performed on the same day, with and without superimposed psychological quiz (Q). In the next 10 consecutive patients, the Q was administered at a submaximal level (4 METs). When TM and TM + Q responses were compared, no significant differences were noted in the maximal levels of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), rate pressure product, or in the prevalence of ischemic ST segment depression or angina pectoris. The HR and double product at which ischemic ST segment depression and angina pectoris appeared were similar for the two types of testing. The psychological stress of a psychological quiz may not, of course, approximate the effect of the more severe stressors individuals may encounter in their daily routines.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1982

Expectation and the blood-pressure-lowering effects of relaxation.

In a study of the blood-pressure-lowering effects of relaxation training in patients with essential hypertension, instructions concerning the relaxation procedure were varied so that one group was told to expect delayed blood-pressure-lowering and the other group immediate lowering. The systolic blood pressure decrease during the training period in the immediate lowering group was 17.0 mm Hg, compared with 2.4 mm Hg for the delayed group (p = 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure changes were not significantly different. Measures of therapy credibility and perceived relaxation failed to differentiate the groups. The implications of these findings for future research and for clinical practice are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A controlled comparison of relaxation and diazepam in panic disorder.

Subjects with panic disorder (N = 23) were randomized into a crossover design involving diazepam, placebo, relaxation therapy, or control. Anxiety was measured by a 3-day hourly diary, psychological tests, and assessment of heart rate and skin conductance level during baseline, stress test, and interview. The greatest and only significant physiologic changes occurred with diazepam. The largest pre/posttreatment changes on the psychological tests and self-reported anxiety and depression occurred with relaxation, although the differences were not statistically significant. Relaxation therapy may be useful for treating the general anxiety associated with panic disorder.

Adolescent↗