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Biomedical subjects

C B Sridhar

Publications and source records attributed to C B Sridhar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Comparative cytological study of lymph node tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals and in patients with diabetes in a developing country.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection affecting patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (DM). With the increasing incidence of HIV infection and DM in a developing country like India, TB is definitely on the rise. In a given population, one expects to see these three diseases in varying combinations, such as HIV and TB, DM and TB, HIV and DM with TB. In such combinations TB may lack the characteristic clinical and histological picture due to the associated depressed cell-mediated immunity seen in both diseases and TB may have an unusual clinical presentation and cytology picture. In this retrospective study of 36 months, from January 1997 to December 1999, 109 cases diagnosed cytologically as tuberculous lymphadenitis and tested for HIV infection and investigated as well for DM were selected. Forty-six (42%) were nondiabetic HIV patients, 13 (12%) were non-HIV DM patients, and 50 (46%) had TB without HIV infection or DM. The coexistence of both HIV and DM was not noted. The cytomorphological characteristics supplemented by culture studies of each of these three groups were compared in detail and based on these four cytological patterns, Pattern 1, Pattern 2, Pattern 3, and Pattern 4 emerged and were characterized. This study highlights the usefulness of cytomorphology of the lymph nodes to characterize the cytopathological profile of TB in both HIV and DM, which have many clinical and immunological similarities, and indirectly postulate the extent of immune suppression and evolve effective strategies in the management of coexisting diseases. Such a comparative study has not been carried out in the past.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Prolonged hypoglycaemia following surgical removal of phaeochromocytoma.

We report a 34-year-old woman with secondary hypertension diagnosed with a left-sided phaeochromocytoma. Excision of the tumour resulted in recurrent hypoglycaemia up to 6 days post-operatively. We discuss the pathogenesis of hypoglycaemia following removal of the tumour and put forward hypothesis for the recurrent hypoglycaemia.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Treatment of typhoid fever with azithromycin versus chloramphenicol in a randomized multicentre trial in India.

To compare the clinical and bacteriological efficacies of azithromycin and chloramphenicol for treatment of typhoid fever, 77 bacteriologically evaluable adults, with blood cultures positive for Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A susceptible to their assigned drugs, were entered into a randomized open trial at four hospitals in India. Forty-two patients were randomized to receive azithromycin 500 mg p.o. od for 7 days and 35 to receive chloramphenicol 2-3 g p.o. od in four divided doses for 14 days. Thirty-seven patients (88%) in the azithromycin group responded with clinical cure or improvement within 8 days and 30 patients (86%) in the chloramphenicol group responded with cure or improvement. By day 14 after the start of treatment, all patients treated with azithromycin and all except two of the patients treated with chloramphenicol (94%) were cured or improved. Blood cultures repeated on day 8 after start of therapy showed eradication of organisms in 100% of patients in the azithromycin group and 94% of patients in the chloramphenicol group. By day 14 the eradication rate in the chloramphenicol group had increased to 97%. Stool cultures on days 21 and 35 after start of treatment showed no prolonged faecal carriage of Salmonella spp. in either group. These results indicate that azithromycin given once daily for 7 days was effective therapy for typhoid fever in a region endemic with chloramphenicol-resistant S. typhi infection and was equivalent in effectiveness to chloramphenicol given to patients with chloramphenicol-susceptible infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Reassessment of frequency of occurrence of typhoid fever and cost efficacy analysis of antibiotic therapy.

Typhoid fever has assumed importance due to the increased incidence of drug resistance in India. The exact magnitude of the problem is not accurately known. The objective of this study was to collect retrospectively the data on the incidence and frequency of typhoid fever among hospital admissions at St. Johns Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore during the year 1987 to 1992 and also to study the sensitivity pattern and the use of antibiotics. The study was also aimed at comparison of immunogenicity and tolerance of conventional vaccine to the newer polysaccharide vaccine. It was found that the incidence of typhoid fever showed change from epidemic to endemic situation with outbreaks of epidemics. Sensitivity pattern also showed change during the same period and antibiotic resistance was increasingly demonstrated from 1989. Cost per patient and total cost to the hospital due to increased admissions also showed progressive increase. The polysaccharide vaccine (recently made available in India) had very low adverse reaction profile with higher immunogenicity as compared to conventional vaccine. Its single dose effect with long lasting immunity indicates it probable usefulness in the eradication of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Dapsone poisoning.

Two cases of suicidal dapsone ingestion are reported. These patients presented with marked cyanosis and had significant methaemoglobinaemia on admission. One patient also had acute psychosis and haemolytic anaemia. Both patients responded to intravenous methylene blue therapy and nasal oxygen inhalation and recovered without any sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Antisnakevenom: an over-used medication.

Fifty-five cases of snakebite were retrospectively analysed for the indications for the use of anti-snakevenom (ASV). Sixty-seven per cent of patients received treatment with ASV. Of these, 47% had features of systemic envenoming, 30% had features of local envenoming and 22% had no features of envenoming, either systemic or local. When WHO guidelines were strictly applied, it was found that in 44% of cases, ASV was used without adequate indication.

Antivenins↗
PubMed1991

Spirometric indices of early airflow obstruction.

Thirty cigarette smokers and 25 non-smoking controls, all men were evaluated by history, physical examination and simple spirometry. The history and physical examination were not of much use in predicting airflow obstruction. Forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF 25-75%) was abnormally low in 23 of the 30 subjects, while forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) were less sensitive. Thus simple spirometry is a useful screening tool to detect early airflow obstruction even when it is clinically undetectable.

Adult↗