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Biomedical subjects

C B Smith

Publications and source records attributed to C B Smith.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effect of menses and use of catamenial products on cervical carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.

Cervical specimens for culturing for Staphylococcus aureus were obtained during menstruation and at midcycle from 40 users of tampons and twelve users of pads. Nine women (two users of pads and seven users of tampons) were colonized by S. aureus. Colonization rates of the cervix were similar for users of tampons and users of pads (18% and 17%, respectively). S. aureus was isolated more frequently during menstruation (17%) than at midcycle (5.8%). Six women had positive menstrual cultures without a positive midcycle culture, whereas no women had positive midcycle cultures and negative menstrual cultures. These observations indicate a significant (p less than 0.05) association of menses with staphylococcal colonization of the cervix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

2-deoxyglucose autoradiography of single motor units: labeling of individual acutely active muscle fibers.

2-Deoxy-D-[l-14C]glucose (2DG) was given intravenously during repetitive stimulation of single motor units in adult cats and autoradiographs were made of frozen sections of the target muscles in order to evaluate methods designed to improve the spatial resolution of [14C]2DG autoradiography. With the modifications used, acutely active muscle fibers, independently identified by depletion of intrafiber glycogen, were associated with highly localized accumulations of silver grains over the depleted fibers. The results indicate that [14C]2DG autoradiography can successfully identify individual active muscle fibers and might in principle be used to obtain quantitative data about rates of glucose metabolism in single muscle fibers of defined histochemical type. The modifications may be applicable also to other tissues to give improved spatial resolution with [14C]-labeled metabolic markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distribution and significance of norepinephrine in the lateral cochlear wall of pigmented and albino rats.

Picogram quantities of norepinephrine were found in cochlear regions of pigmented and non-pigmented rats. These regions of the cochlea were the modiolus, organ of Corti--osseous spiral lamina and the lateral cochlear wall. The content of norepinephrine in the modiolus and lateral cochlear wall of the pigmented rat was significantly greater than that in areas of the non-pigmented rat. In contrast, there was no statistical difference between the norepinephrine content of the organ of Corti--osseous spiral lamina region of the pigmented rat and that of the albino rat. Since a major difference between the pigmented and albino rats is the presence of melanin-containing melanocytes in the modiolus and lateral cochlear wall region of the pigmented animals, it is possible that norepinephrine is stored in cochlear melanocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Presence of interferon in acute- and convalescent-phase sera of humans with influenza or influenza-like illness of undetermined etiology.

Interferon (IFN;titer, greater than 10 units) was present in the acute-phase sera of 30 of 40 subjects with culture and/or serologically documented, naturally acquired influenza A/Brazil/78 (H1N1) and in the acute-phase sera of five of 27 subjects with an influenza-like illness of undetermined etiology. No statistical correlation existed between the quantity of IFN in acute-phase serum and the course of the clinical illness. Antiviral activity in all of nine acute-phase sera and three of four sera obtained on the fifth to seventh days of illness was neutralized to greater than 50% by antibody to virus-induced human leukocyte IFN (HuIFN-alpha). In contrast, none of five sera collected between 21 and 23 days after the onset of illness contained IFN sensitive to neutralization by antibody to HuIFN-alpha. Resistance of IFN in convalescent-phase sera to neutralization by antibody to HuIFN-alpha suggests that multiple IFN species may evolve during viral infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pancreatic ascites in childhood.

Pancreatic ascites in children is extremely rare, but is usually due to trauma. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with massive pancreatic ascites due to a leaking chronic pseudocyst of unknown cause. It was treated by resection of the pseudocyst, distal pancreatectomy, and retrograde drainage of a dilated and tortuous residual ductal system by Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Bacterial flora of the vagina during the menstrual cycle: findings in users of tampons, napkins, and sea sponges.

The recent association of menstruation, tampon use, and staphylococcal infection with toxic shock syndrome led us to study the association of menstruation and catamenial product use with changes in vaginal flora. Cultures of the cervical os were obtained in midcycle and during menstruation from 12 women who used napkins and 40 women who used tampons. Staphylococcus aureus was found during midcycle and menstruation in three women, during menstruation alone in six, and during midcycle alone in none, indicating a significant association of S. aureus with menstruation (p = 0.04). No difference was found in the rate of S. aureus colonization during menstruation in tampon users (18%) and napkin users (17%). In a similar study, cultures were taken for S. aureus and other aerobic bacteria from 58 tampon users and 25 users of sea sponges. Staphylococcal colonization was found to be increased during menstruation in both groups. Among the cultures done during menstruation, those from users of sea sponges were found to have significantly higher colonization rates with S. aureus, Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. The association of sea sponges with a high rate of S. aureus colonization suggests that they are not an alternative to tampons for women seeking to decrease the risk of toxic shock syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

alpha 2-Adrenoreceptors in rat brain are decreased after long-term tricyclic antidepressant drug treatment.

After two weeks of twice-daily administration of amitriptyline to rats, the binding of [3H]clonidine to presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoreceptors was decreased in membranes isolated from 5 areas of the rat brain. After one day of treatment, binding did not differ from saline treated controls. In vitro, a high concentration of amitriptyline caused a competitive inhibition of [3H]clonidine binding but did not alter the number of binding sites. The decrease in the number of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor binding sites after two weeks of amitriptyline treatment would explain the subsensitivity of these receptors which occurs after prolonged administration of antidepressant drugs.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1981

Platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in major depressive disorder. Binding of tritiated clonidine before and after tricyclic antidepressant drug treatment.

The specific binding of tritiated (3H)-clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, to platelet membranes was measured in normal subjects and in patients with major depressive disorder. The number of platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors from the depressed group was significantly higher than that found in platelets obtained from the control population. Treatment with tricyclic antidepressant drugs led to significant decreases in the number of platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. These results support the hypothesis that the depressive syndrome is related to an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor supersensitivity and that the clinical effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressant drugs is associated with a decrease in the number of these receptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immunogenetic control of experimental type II collagen-induced arthritis. I. Susceptibility and resistance among inbred strains of rats.

Seven inbred rat strains were tested for susceptibility to experimental type II collagen-induced arthritis and for development of cellular immunity to type II collagen by delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. WF (RT1u), LEW (RT1l), and DA (RT1a) were the most susceptible of the strains tested with respect to incidence (greater than 95%) and severity of disease. LEW and DA were strongly skin test reactive to calf type II collagen. BUF (RT1b) developed moderate skin test responses to calf type II collagen and showed low susceptibility to collagen arthritis (1/8). MAXX (RT1n), LEW.B3 (RT1nvl), and AUG (RT1c) were not susceptible to collagen arthritis and showed negative to very weak skin test responses to type II collagen. Disease susceptibility was inherited as a dominant trait in the F1 progeny of (WF X LEW.B3) matings. These data suggest that clinical expression of experimental collagen-induced arthritis and immune responsiveness to type II collagen are controlled in part by genes within or closely linked to the rat major histocompatibility complex--RT1.

Animals↗