Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C B Park

Publications and source records attributed to C B Park.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of birth spacing on infant survival in Thailand: two-stage logit analysis.

We formulated a two-stage causal model for infant survival and applied it to data drawn from the 1987 Thai Demographic and Health Survey covering the fate of 5,074 index children. The following six variables were considered as the explanatory variables: maternal age, maternal education, birth order, preceding birth interval, survival of the preceding child, and place of residence. The analysis suggests that the birth interval not only directly affected the chance of infant survival but it played the role of the filtering factor through which other variables indirectly operate on infant mortality. The effect of preceding child's death was very strong, the odds ratios for the following infant's death and short birth interval both exceeding three.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Medical conditions at death among the Caucasian and Japanese elderly in Hawaii: analysis of multiple causes of death, 1976-78.

This paper discusses the prevalence of selected medical conditions at death among elderly Caucasians and Japanese in Hawaii and the associations among conditions listed in the death certificates of the two ethnic groups during 1976-78. For the individual conditions, wide variations were found in the ratio between the total number of times a condition was mentioned in the death certificates and the number of times it was identified as the underlying cause of death. Distinctly different patterns of disease clustering emerged for deaths involving cancer and those not involving cancer. Although in most situations causal combinations were similar for the two ethnic groups, deaths involving two conditions, cerebrovascular disease and cancer of digestive organs, presented different patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Microfilaria density distribution in the human population and its infectivity index for the mosquito population.

A new method of computing the infectivity index of microfilariae (mf) for the mosquito population is proposed using the estimated mf density distribution in the human population. the observed density distribution is considered a compound of the Poisson and the gamma distributions. The former distribution describes the probability of a specimen containing a specified number of mf and the latter describes the density distribution of mf in the host population. The mf infectivity index is the probability that a blood meal will include at least 1 mf, conditional on the population-density distribution of mf as specified by the gamma distribution. Actual data indicate that this population-density-based infectivity index can be considerably different from the conventional index based on the survey-density distribution. The level of the carrier rate of mf in a survey is greatly influenced, apart from the sample variation, by the average volume of blood taken from each person. The rate computed on the estimated population-density distribution of mf is convertible to any base amount of blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The place of child-spacing as a factor in infant mortality: a recursive model.

This study investigates the role of a preceding birth interval in infant mortality by considering a causal ordering of seven variables. Data are from the 1974 World Fertility Survey for Korea and cover the survival of 6,161 index children. A two-stage logit model was used. The analysis suggests that infant mortality is directly influenced by the preceding birth interval which, in turn, is influenced by five other explanatory variables: maternal age, birth order, immediately preceding infant's death, education of mother, and place of residence. Maternal age and prior infant death also exert direct effects on mortality. In terms of relative risk, prior infant death has the strongest effect of all the explanatory variables. A longer birth interval increases the odds of an infant's survival by 25 per cent, whereas the death of a preceding child decreases the odds by 45 per cent. However, infant deaths in Korea occur infrequently in comparison with short birth intervals. Thus, the two factors present comparable attributable risks in unadjusted measurements. The first-stage causal structure affecting a birth interval is more complicated than the second-stage structure affecting infant mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Repeatability of infant deaths in Korea.

Using data from the world fertility survey for Korea, repeatability of infant death in the family was investigated applying the log-linear model. There is a strong association in survivorship between any two consecutive births. No such association is observed in nonconsecutive birth orders. There is a suggestion however, that the survival of the first birth is related to that of the third or even the fourth birth order.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1983

Preference for sons, family size, and sex ratio: an empirical study in Korea.

This study investigates the effects of son preference on sex ratio and fertility at the family level, utilizing World Fertility Survey data for Korea, whose population is known to have a strong preference for sons and a fairly high level of contraceptive use. The sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) of siblings in small families is considerably higher than in large families. The sex ratio of last-born children in families of any size is markedly higher than that of the previous children. The sex distribution of children for a given family size, if less than five, deviates significantly from the Bernoulli sequence. The observed frequency of all-girl families is especially small in comparison with the expected value. The sex of the last child strongly influences couples' decision making regarding additional births in all steps of family building except for bearing a second child. In increasing their families to moderate size, parents appear to take into consideration the sex distribution of all earlier births.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of infant death on subsequent fertility in Korea and the role of family planning.

This paper studies the effect of infant death on subsequent fertility in a developing country, examining spacing of children and additional births following the survival or death of the preceding infant. The material is provided by the 1971 National Fertility Survey of Korea, 23,635 retrospective birth records of 6,285 women. The findings suggest that prior to the introduction of a national family planning program, the influence of infant death was limited to the biological effect resulting from a shortened lactational period. Since fertility regulation methods have been made available throughout the country, motivational effects to replace the lost child appeared to emerge. The proportion of excess births attributable to infant deaths has increased in recent years. However, because of the lowered infant mortality, the overall impact of infant death on the national fertility level appears to be small.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The Euiryong experiment: a Korean innovation in household contraceptive distribution.

Although contraceptive practice has increased substantially in Korea as a result of a strong national family planning program, surveys indicate the existence of an additional unmet demand. A number of obstacles tend to limit availability of family planning services and supplies. The effects of total availability are being tested in a three-year experiment in household contraceptive distribution, for which an exploratory study was carried out in 1975 in Euiryong gun. Three distribution systems were tried in three areas of Euiryong, each enlisting local women to canvass and distribute pills and condoms (and refer those desiring IUDs or sterilization to physician). Results of the preliminary test showed that household distribution was culturally acceptable and administratively feasible and that it did increase contraceptive use. Cost-effectiveness was considered to be within the range of the national program. The most successful of the three distribution systems is being applied in the main study, begun late in 1976 in Cheju province.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1976

Lifetime probability of additional births by age and parity for American women, 1935-1968: a new measurement of period fertility.

A new fertility measurement, probability that a woman of specified parity and age will bear a given number of births in her remaining lifetime, is proposed in this article. The measurement is a summary index of a set of age-parity-specific birth probabilities and in a particular case it is conceptually analogous to the total fertility by birth order but free from the influence of the parity distribution. Fertility of American women for the period 1935-1968 was studied by use of such lifetime probabilities. It appears that the trend of fertility of high birth orders has been parallel with that of low orders. Initiation of the recent decline in fertility depends on parity and age of woman.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of ethyl 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (EGMP) on early stage colon carcinogenesis in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM).

The influence of ethyl 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (EGMP) on the initiation and post-initiation stages of colon carcinogenesis was investigated in male F344 rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). In experimental protocol 1, EGMP was given in the diet at 0.1 or 0.2% for 1 week together with two s.c. 15 mg/kg body weight injections of AOM on days 1 and 7 (initiation period). In protocol 2, the test compound was administered starting at week 3(post initiation stage), and in protocol 3, the test compound was given throughout the experimental period(whole stage). Sacrifice and quantitation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was performed at the end of week 5. Dose-dependent decreases in numbers of ACF were noted with both cases of post-initiation and whole period exposure (protocol 2 and 3), large size lesions considered most likely to be precursor lesions also being significantly reduced in the protocol 2(4-9 crypt size total with the 0.2% dose group, 48.9% and 59.6% of control values, respectively). No effects on body or liver weights were evident. The present results thus suggest that EGMP might find application as a chemopreventive agent against colon tumor development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A minority group and China's one-child policy: the case of the Koreans.

This report describes the participation in the one-child certificate program by Koreans living in China, using data from a household survey conducted in 1986 in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. Although the Koreans and all other minorities are exempt from China's strict one-child family policy, by pledging not to have more than one child they receive the one-child incentives. The total minority population in China is nearly 70 million and their combined population growth rate is much higher than that of the Han majority. The Korean minority, however, has had a growth rate lower than that of the Han. Nevertheless, the level of acceptance of the one-child certificate among Korean couples is only about 10 percent of those who currently have one child--one-fourth of the 1982 national figure. Life-table analysis indicates that fewer than 9 percent of Korean women would accept the certificate within a six-year period after their first birth. In the meantime, a second child would be born to 60 percent of the women. Among eight factors considered, three--place of residence, occupation of husband, and sex of the living child--significantly affected the rate of acceptance of the certificate, according to the hazards model.

Adult↗