Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to C B Anderson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Pooled sera for cytotoxicity testing: accurate, time- and cost-effective preliminary crossmatches.

To conserve sera, reduce technologist time and facilitate distribution of kidneys to the most likely recipient from groups of highly sensitized patients, we studied the feasibility of using pooled sera in preliminary crossmatches. From 16 chronic renal failure patients, 275 sera were studied against fresh cell panels from 24 to 35 donors. Using the antiglobulin crossmatch technique, sera were studied individually, in consecutive pools of five and in consecutive pools of 10. Reactions of component sera were assessed on a cell-by-cell comparison with their pools of five and 10 sera. Crossmatches performed with pools of five sera and pools of 10 sera detected the same cytotoxic reactions as did their component sera in 97.6% and 97.8% of the reactions, respectively. We conclude that 10 sera can be pooled so that preliminary crossmatch testing of all positive sera of all theoretically potential allograft recipients can be accomplished with accuracy and efficiency, even in the larger regional distribution centers.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1981

Histamine stimulation and inhibition of human cryopreserved parathyroid tissue.

To elucidate the mechanism by which cimetidine, an H2 antagonist, inhibits parathormone secretion, immunoreactive cyclic AMP (cAMP) production was measured at low (0.5 mM) and normal (1.0 mM) calcium concentrations, with histamine stimulation and histamine inhibition by cimetidine, in a cell dispersion preparation from cryopreserved glands of 12 hyperparathyroid patients. At low calcium, histamine-mediated cAMP production increased from a basal level of 382 +/- 44 femtomoles/10(5) cells to 514 +/- 74 femtomoles/10(5) cells (P less than 0.05). Cimetidine inhibition of histamine-stimulated parathyroid cells at low calcium resulted in a decrease in cAMP production from 514 +/- 74 femtomoles/10(5) cells to 410 +/- 62 femtomoles/10(5) cells (P less than 0.01). At normal calcium the cAMP production in the histamine-stimulated experiment increased from a basal level of 293 +/- 66 femtomoles/10(5) cells to 477 +/- 100 femtomoles/10(5) cells (P less than 0.01) and decreased to 321 +/- 69 femtomoles/10(5) cells (P less than 0.01) in the histamine and cimetidine experiment. Stimulation by isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, at low calcium in the histamine-primed group showed an increase in cAMP production from 514 +/- 74 femtomoles/10(5) cells to 639 +/- 71 femtomoles/10(5) cells (P less than 0.005). These results suggest that histamine plays an important role in cAMP production in hyperparathyroid cells and that cimetidine inhibition of histamine-stimulated cAMP production may explain the decrease of immunoreactive parathormone by this H2 antagonist reported in patients with hyperparathyroidism.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1980

Schistosoma haematobium egg output and an evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody technique.

Results of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and output of Schistosoma haematobium eggs have been compared in 112 selected Black schoolchildren living in an endemic schistosomiasis area. The helminth filter was used for the determination of levels of infection. The degree of correlation between the IFAT and egg output improved considerably when multiple urine examinations were performed. There were a number of false-positive results, all associated with low titres; the possible reasons for their occurrence are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Stabilization of normal variability in phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis for improved quantitative applications.

Phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis is used clinically as an estimate of immune competence but quantitative application is problematic since there is considerable variability. We sought to define for five normal subjects the degree of variability in repetitive testing using a constant culture methodology. A six-day growth response was determined as was the dose response to seven concentrations of PHA. Growth time to peak 3H-thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation was not constant and that PHA dose stimulating maximum 3HTdR incorporation varied by 2--16 fold for the retesting of subjects. A pooled dose response was not stablizing. There were statistical differences among subjects for PHA dose optimum (P less than 0.01), maximum evoked 3HTdR incorporation (P less than 0.05) and with varied plasma lots (P less than 0.001). However, for each individual subject, a stable maximum 3HTdR incorpoartion could be repetitively evoked by culturing in a constant plasma lot, stimulating by a broad range a PHA doses and by harvesting daily to assure peak growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of thrombosis in patients on hemodialysis by low-dose aspirin.

Since platelet cyclo-oxygenase is much more sensitive to inactivation by aspirin than is the enzyme in the arterial wall and low doses of aspirin may prevent thrombosis by blocking thromboxane synthesis, we conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of aspirin (160 mg per day) vs. placebo in 44 patients on chronic hemodialysis. The study was continued until there were 24 patients with thrombi and both groups had been under observation for a mean of nearly five months. Thrombi occurred in 18 of 25 (72 per cent) of patients given placebo and 16 of 19 (32 per cent) of those given aspirin (P less than 0.01). The incidence of thrombosis was reduced from 0.46 thrombi per patient month in the placebo group to 0.16 thrombi per patient month in the aspirin group (p less than 0.005). A dose of 160 mg of aspirin per day is an effective, nontoxic antithrombotic regimen in patients on hemodialysis.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1979

A natural resource. Prevalence of cadaver organs for transplantation and research.

To determine the prevalence of potential cadaver kidney, eye, and research-tissue donors in a tertiary referral hospital, the charts of 718 patients who died were studied. We found a potential kidney-donor rate of 2.4 per 100 hospital deaths, a potential eye-donor rate of 45.4 per 100 deaths, and a potential pancreas-donor rate of 26.5 per 100 deaths. In the study year, 20 potential cadaver kidney donors were projected, theoretically meeting the needs of the transplantation center. Recognized potential eye and pancreas donors were remarkably numerous. Effective education, surveillance, and procurement programs are necessary to salvage these potential donor tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Attempted enhancement in patients undergoing renal allotransplantation: lack of long-term sensitization.

It seems timely and pertinent to review the long-term follow-up of four patients who were deliberately exposed before transplant to donor antigens in an "enhancement" protocol. Not only were there no adverse effects observed, but three of the four patients never had an identifiable rejection episode. One of the successful allograft recipients had cytotoxic antibodies to his donor's cells. These appear to have been cold, T- and B-cell-reactive antibodies of doubtful significance. Both long-term surviving recipients showed weakness in degree of mitogenesis in mixed culture of donor and recipient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which does not appear to be related to a macrophage defect but may be related to a lack of active rosette-forming T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Venous angiography of subcutaneous hemodialysis fistulas.

Venous angiography was performed on 256 subcutaneous arteriovenous dialysis fistulas. The technique involves temporary arterial inflow occlusion, needle injection of contrast material into the venous segment, and rapid sequence roentgenograms as arterial flow is restored. It requires no fluoroscopy or catheterization, avoids trauma to either the brachial or axillary arteries, and can be performed on an outpatient basis. Indications for fistulography included technical complications during dialysis, high-output cardiac failure, aneurysms, sepsis, and other reasons. Studies demonstrated significant stenosis or occlusion, insignificant stenosis, malpositioned needles, excessive fistula flow, aneurysms, thrombus formation, maturation failure, and other and normal findings. Only one study caused fistula thrombosis. Ninety-one percent of the studies provided information useful in the overall clinical management of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Intravenous phenytoin in acute treatment of seizures.

Large doses of phenytoin were administered on 159 occasions to 139 adult patients. Most patients had had more than three seizures or were in status epilepticus. Based on response to treatment, patients could be divided into two groups. Those with excellent response (recurrent seizures, 10%; mortality, 1%) included known epileptics with exacerbation of seizures (n = 75), atypical alcohol withdrawal (6), or miscellaneous conditions (17). Those with poor results (recurrent seizures, 57% mortality, 38%) included patients with anoxic or metabolic encephalopathy (14), stroke or other vascular disease (14), brain tumor (5), or trauma (5).

Adolescent↗