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Biomedical subjects

C B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to C B Anderson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Intestinal parasites of conventionally maintained BALB/c mice and Mastomys coucha and the effects of a concomitant schistosome infection.

A longitudinal study was carried out to identify the spectrum of intestinal parasites present in conventionally maintained BALB/c mice and Mastomys coucha and to determine the effects of concomitant schistosome infections on their parasite status. Six parasites were observed during the course of the study, namely the nematodes Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata, Entamoeba muris and the flagellates Trichomonas muris, Spironucleus muris and Chilomastix spp. Although the 2 rodents shared common facilities, the overall prevalences of S. obvelata, T. muris and S. muris were significantly higher in M. coucha than BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice with concomitant schistosome infection had increased prevalences of E. muris, T. muris and S. muris. In M. coucha, in contrast, there were no significant increases in parasite prevalences. Infection intensities of T. muris and S. muris were significantly greater in M. coucha than BALB/c mice. Concomitant schistosome infection resulted in increased intensities of T. muris infection in BALB/c mice only. The influence of immune status in determining the susceptibilities of rodents to environmentally transmitted parasites is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Entamoeba histolytica: naturally occurring infections in baboons.

Entamoeba chattoni frequently occurs as an intestinal infection in non-human primates. It has been isolated from both wild and captive animals. Morphologically this amoeba resembles E. histolytica. E. histolytica has also been isolated from non-human primates on a number of occasions but these isolations have been from captive animals. In recent years identification of E. histolytica has been enhanced by the introduction of iso-enzyme electrophoresis methods. This technology has been widely applied to amoebae isolated from humans from many parts of the world. Limited work using iso-enzyme electrophoresis on non-human primates in captivity has confirmed the earlier parasitological studies mentioned above as both E. histolytica and E. chattoni were isolated; furthermore zymodeme (strain or species based on the characteristic iso-enzyme electrophoretic pattern) analysis demonstrated that these two organisms could be readily distinguished by this method. The importance of establishing whether E. histolytica occurs in wild primates as a true zoonosis was emphasised by these studies, particularly from the point of view of potential disease transmission. A study of baboons (Papio ursinus) in South African game reserves has been initiated and three surveys have been conducted in the Kruger National Park; these baboons are considered to live in isolation from humans. Of the 210 isolations attempted 65-75% yielded E. chattoni while E. histolytica were cultured from the faeces of 1-3% of the baboons. Although the prevalence rates varied in each of the 3 study locations both species of amoeba were found in baboons from all of them. All the E. histolytica isolated thus far have been non-pathogenic zymodemes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Major retroperitoneal venous anomalies: surgical considerations.

Nineteen major anomalies of the vena cava or its branches were encountered in patients requiring abdominal vascular surgery and related procedures at Barnes Hospital during the past 5 years. The classification of these anomalies, their embryologic development, associated variants, and surgical considerations are discussed. Careful review of preoperative computed tomographic scans and familiarity with these anatomic variants may allow the surgeon effectively to avoid potentially disastrous intraoperative consequences.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Correlation of immunological studies and disease progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.

Thirty untreated patients with clinically definite chronic progressive multiple sclerosis were matched with 10 patients with clinically stable definite multiple sclerosis and 16 patients with other neurological diseases. A group of 12 normal control (NC) volunteers was matched to these groups. All patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis and normal control subjects were analyzed for the concanavalin A suppressor assay, mitogen stimulation, and phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, serum was analyzed for interleukin-2 levels. Results of mitogen stimulation studies did not distinguish the groups. Concanavalin A-induced suppression was significantly decreased in the patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (p less than 0.01). Phenotyping of fresh cells showed an elevated CD4: CD8 ratio in the patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Neither phenotyping nor concanavalin A-induced suppression correlated with or predicted the degree of disability, but the serum levels of interleukin-2 correlated inversely with disability (p less than 0.01) and directly with a poor prognosis after 18 months of observation (p less than 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin-2 decreased as the disease progressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

We, as well as other authors, believe that the retroperitoneal approach is an excellent alternative to the transperitoneal route for the repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. This approach is associated with a significant decrease in pulmonary and cardiac complications and therefore can be used in selected high-risk patients with expanding aneurysms. A well-controlled randomized multicenter trial should answer the question: "Is this approach the surgical access of choice for the elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms?"

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The development and specificity of antiidiotypic antibodies in renal transplant recipients receiving single-donor blood transfusions.

Multiple pretransplant sera obtained from alloimmunized renal transplant recipients were tested for the presence of antiidiotypic-like antibodies (AB2) that inhibit donor-specific HLA antibodies in the microlymphocytotoxicity assay. Fourteen patients received repetitive single-donor blood transfusions (SDT). In this patient group, sera were collected prior to each blood transfusion and prior to transplantation. Three additional patients were studied in whom prior donor-specific HLA antibodies had been lost over a period of 6 months preceding transplantation. Donor-specific AB2-like antibodies were found in the sera of 13/14 SDT patients who did not develop HLA antibodies, and in the 3 patients who had lost donor-specific HLA antibodies. All patients had received prior random blood transfusions in the year preceding the study. Five (38%) of the SDT patients had detectable donor-specific AB2 prior to the initiation of single-donor blood transfusion, presumably related to previous blood transfusions. In the remaining six SDT patients in whom complete serum sets were available, AB2 always appeared after the first blood transfusion. The specificity of HLA antibodies inhibited by AB2 was studied, and antibodies against HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and DQw were all identified. Thus, there was no predilection for patients to develop AB2 against locus-specific HLA gene products. This study also confirms the apparent polymorphism of putative crossreactive idiotypes. Approximately 25% of donor-specific HLA antibodies were not inhibited by relevant AB2. This study confirms and extends previous observations that alloimmunization is associated in many patients with the development of antiidiotypic-like antibodies that are capable of inhibiting the binding and cytotoxicity of HLA alloantibodies.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1989

Mucosal arachidonate metabolism and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Mucosal arachidonic acid metabolism was examined after 3 h of ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion in isolated ileal segments in the dog. The cyclooxygenase products thromboxane B2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, and prostaglandin E2 increased by 365%, 97%, and 158%, respectively, after ischemia and reperfusion but were not altered after 3 h of ischemia alone. The potent chemotactic lipoxygenase product leukotriene B4 (LTB4) increased by 687% after ischemia and reperfusion and was not affected by ischemia without reperfusion. In addition, tissue production of the thiol ether leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) increased threefold after ischemia and reperfusion. Quantitation of regionally isomeric hydroxy acids produced from arachidonate revealed a 300% increase in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (12-HETE) after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion without a change in other isomers (15-HETE and 5-HETE). Stereochemical analysis of 12-HETE demonstrated exclusive synthesis of the S-enantiomer. A significant and time-dependent decrease in intestinal blood flow also occurred during reperfusion. Administration of the dual cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase synthesis inhibitor BW755C (1 mg/kg ia) did not alter time-dependent decreases in blood flow and failed to inhibit eicosanoid synthesis. Histologic examinations of intestinal samples revealed significant mucosal damage associated with ischemia alone and ischemia after reperfusion. This study indicates that intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with dramatic alterations in mucosal production of vasoactive eicosanoids and with changes in blood flow that occur during reperfusion but not during ischemia alone. These events may be involved in the pathology characteristic of this injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the thromboxane synthesis inhibitor CGS-12970 on experimental acute renal allograft rejection.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and mechanisms of the selective thromboxane synthesis inhibitor CGS-12970 (3-methyl-2[3 pyridyl]-1-indoleoctanoic acid) on renal allograft function and eicosanoid production. Kidneys were transplanted between nonimmunosuppressed outbred mongrel dogs and renal allograft function, renal eicosanoid production and histologic signs of rejection were monitored. In the untreated animals, renal allograft blood flow and allograft glomerular filtration rate declined steadily over the 5-day observation period compared to animals with nonrejecting autotransplanted kidneys. However, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate of renal allografts from animals receiving the selective thromboxane synthesis inhibitor CGS-12970 (3 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d.) were significantly higher compared to nontreated allograft animals. Histologic examination of renal allografts harvested 5 days after transplantation revealed rejection with mononuclear infiltration in both the untreated and the CGS-12970-treated animals. In untreated dogs, renal allograft tissue production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-Keto PG F1 alpha (6-K-PGF1 alpha) was significantly elevated 5 days after transplantation compared to normal renal tissue. In animals treated with CGS-12970, renal allograft tissue production of TXB2, PGE2 and 6-K-PGF1 alpha was significantly lower than the untreated allografts and was not different from normal kidneys. In-vitro dose-response experiments revealed that CGS-12970 nonselectively inhibited renal allograft tissue TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1 alpha production in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Concomitant immunosuppression and donor-specific transfusions prior to renal transplantation.

The induction of immunologic unresponsiveness to improve renal allograft survival was attempted in 151 patients by the pretransplant administration of donor-specific whole blood or buffy coat in conjunction with continuous Aza immunosuppression. All donor-recipient combinations were at least one-haplotype disparate and 21 were two-haplotype disparate. Presensitization was present in ten patients and attempts at desensitization were uniformly unsuccessful. Of the 151 nonpresensitized patients, transient sensitization occurred in 3% and permanent sensitization in 7%. Of 140 nonsensitized patients, 135 underwent renal transplantation from the specific blood donor and 56% have never experienced a rejection episode. The allograft survival rate at two years (93%) and seven years (87%) is significantly better (p less than .01) than our historical experience with one-haplotype living-related transplants at two years (68%) and seven years (59%). The low rate of sensitization (7%) has permitted almost all patients to undergo eventual renal transplantation from the specific blood donor. This and the low rate of early rejection (2%) argues for a modification of the immunologic response, perhaps by clonal deletion, rather than a selecting out process as the mechanism for improved allograft survival.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1988

Transluminal repair of large intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas.

Renal arteriovenous fistulas may be treated with radiological embolization or surgical ablation. Although recent reports in the literature have proposed embolization as the treatment of choice for renal arteriovenous fistulas, this form of therapy can be associated with significant morbidity in large arteriovenous communications. We report 3 cases of a large intrarenal arteriovenous fistula treated by transparenchymal repair. This technique offers an excellent method of obliterating the fistula without sacrificing the renal parenchyma.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1988

Eicosanoid synthesis inhibition and renal allograft function during acute rejection.

The effects of the dual cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor 3-amino-1-(m[trifluoromethyl]phenyl)-2-pyrazoline (BW755C) (10 mg/kg, p.o., b.i.d.) on renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and eicosanoid production were examined in anesthetized dogs that had undergone unilateral renal allotransplantation. Rejecting renal allograft blood flow significantly declined over a 5-day period compared to the nonrejecting native kidney. In animals treated with BW755C, renal allograft blood flow was maintained over the postoperative 5-day period at levels comparable to blood flow to the native kidneys. While GFR and urine flow progressively declined in the rejecting kidney, treatment with BW755C prevented the fall in GFR and even augmented urine flow. Allograft renal cortical production or thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in animals treated with BW755C was not significantly different than production by the native contralateral kidneys. Furthermore, BW755C reduced cellular infiltration and tissue damage in allografts compared to nontreated renal allografts. The selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (5 mg/kg, p.o., b.i.d.) exerted no effect on renal allograft GFR or urine output but reduced allograft blood flow after 4 days compared to nontreated allografts. In conclusion, inhibition of arachidonate cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolism improves renal allograft function and reduces tissue damage while selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway does not improve renal allograft function. These data indicate that products of arachidonate-lipoxygenase metabolism potentiate the loss of renal function and tissue destruction associated with renal allograft rejection.

4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyraz↗
PubMed1988

Renal autotransplantation: an alternative to standard renal revascularization procedures.

From January 1978 through December 1987, 22 patients underwent 23 renal autotransplantation procedures for the treatment of renovascular hypertension through the retroperitoneal approach. The causes of the renal artery stenosis were as follows: atherosclerosis (15), fibromuscular dysplasia (6), and Takayasu's arteritis (1). Indications for renal autotransplantation were as follow: disease extending into the renal artery branches (10), stenosis of multiple renal arteries (6), atherosclerotic aorta in high-risk patients (4), and stenosis of renal artery in children (2). The mean preoperative blood pressure of 205 +/- 6/109 +/- 3 mm Hg decreased significantly to 139 +/- 4/77 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). The serum creatinine decreased significantly from a mean preoperative level of 2.2 +/- 0.8 mg/dl to a mean postoperative level of 1.4 +/- 0.4 mg/dl (p less than 0.05). Eleven patients with preoperative renal dysfunction had a significant decrease in the serum creatinine from a mean preoperative level of 3.4 +/- 0.3 mg/dl to a mean postoperative level of 1.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (p less than 0.001). One operative death occurred as a result of myocardial infarction. There were three postoperative complications, none of which affected the ultimate result in blood pressure or renal function. This experience demonstrates that in selected patients, renal autotransplantation is an excellent alternative in the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Renal allograft recipient immunomodulation by concomitant immunosuppression and donor-specific transfusions.

The induction of immunologic unresponsiveness to improve renal allograft survival was attempted in 151 patients by the pretransplant administration of donor-specific whole blood or buffy coat in conjunction with continuous Aza immunosuppression. All donor-recipient combinations were at least one-haplotype disparate and 21 were two-haplotype disparate. Presensitization was present in ten patients and attempts at desensitization were uniformly unsuccessful. Of the 151 nonpresensitized patients, transient sensitization occurred in 3% and permanent sensitization in 7%. One hundred thirty-five of 140 nonsensitized patients underwent renal transplantation from the specific blood donor and 56% have never experienced a rejection episode. The allograft survival rate at 2 years (93%) and 7 years (87%) is significantly better (P less than .01) than our historical experience with one-haplotype living-related transplants at 2 years (68%) and 7 years (59%). The low rate of sensitization (7%) has permitted almost all patients to undergo eventual renal transplantation from the specific blood donor. This and the low rate of early rejection (2%) argue for a modification of the immunologic response, perhaps by clonal deletion, rather than a selecting-out process as the mechanism for improved allograft survival.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1988

The association of in vitro arachidonic acid responsiveness and plasma thromboxane levels with early platelet deposition on the luminal surface of small-diameter grafts.

The response of canine platelets to arachidonic acid (AA) stimulation was studied as a predictor of thrombotic potential. Fifty mongrel dogs underwent in vitro platelet aggregation studies with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and AA used as inducing agents. Thirty-two dogs were selected on the basis of their response to AA stimulation. Platelet aggregation in response to AA stimulation occurred in 16 (responders) and 16 showed no aggregatory response (nonresponders). The animals were divided into four groups. Group I received no antiplatelet agents (control); group II received U-63,557A, a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (TSI); group III received aspirin; and group IV received aspirin and TSI. Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were implanted in the carotid and femoral arteries of the dogs in all four groups. Plasma thromboxane (TxB2) levels were drawn before drug treatment and 4 weeks after surgery. Platelet deposition on the luminal surface of the implanted grafts was studied in vivo with a technique that uses both 111In-labeled platelets and 99mTc-labeled red blood cells and was expressed as percentage of indium excess (%IE). Group I (control) dogs whose platelets aggregated in response to AA stimulation had significantly higher 24-hour platelet deposition (%IE) on the luminal surface of implanted grafts (p less than 0.02), lower 4-week graft patency (p less than 0.002), and higher plasma TxB2 levels (p less than 0.01) than those dogs whose platelets did not aggregate. In contrast to the results of AA stimulation, neither ADP nor collagen responsiveness was discriminatory for the thrombotic potential of canine arteries as measured by 24-hour platelet deposition (%IE), 4-week graft patency, or plasma TxB2 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗