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Biomedical subjects

C Auerbach

Publications and source records attributed to C Auerbach.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Management of alternate level of care patients using a computerized database.

The term "alternate level of care" (ALC) refers to the status of hospitalized patients who are no longer acutely ill but cannot be discharged because posthospital plans are not yet in place. ALC is a major problem for patients, families, and hospitals. This article describes the experiences of an urban teaching hospital with ALC and the development of a computerized database to better manage the ALC population. Among the findings were that age, waiting for a nursing home placement, family-related discharge problems, and pending Medicaid eligibility all significantly contributed to length of stay beyond the acute phase of the illness. Using these data, the hospital developed an innovative program in which the preparation of Medicaid applications was transferred from the Department of Finance to the Department of Social Work Services.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Time to equilibration of oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the time it takes for O2 saturation measured by pulse oximetry to equilibrate after a change is made in supplemental O2 administered by nasal cannula in patients with cardiac and pulmonary disease. METHODS: A prospective, observational study of a convenience sample of 51 patients treated in a university-affiliated ED with nasal cannula O2. Patients were placed on and/or subsequently taken off O2 via nasal cannula set at 2 or 4 L/min based on clinical indications. Oxygen saturation was measured at 1-minute intervals over a 30-minute period using finger-probe pulse oximetry. Of the 51 patients in the study, 43 were monitored while O2 treatment was initiated and 18 were monitored when it was discontinued. RESULTS: Most (95%) of the patients placed on O2 attained equilibration of O2 saturation within 3.5 minutes. Most (95%) of the patients taken off supplemental O2 attained equilibration of O2 saturation within 4.5 minutes. CONCLUSION: The interval to equilibration of O2 saturation in patients receiving O2 by nasal cannula is considerably shorter than the 20-30 minutes generally suggested. Adequacy of O2 supplementation should be assessable much sooner than was previously taught.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Differential expression of cytochrome P-450 in proliferating and quiescent cultures of murine lung epithelial cells.

Expression of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activity 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (7-ERD) was surveyed in proliferating and quiescent cultures of murine cell line C-10, a non-tumorigenic line of presumed alveolar type II origin. 7-ERD activities were undetectable in subconfluent/proliferating cultures but became detectable once the cultures had become confluent and their growth had arrested due to contact inhibition. Serum deprivation of subconfluent cultures resulted in a rapid inhibition of cell proliferation and the subsequent expression of 7-ERD. These results suggest that 7-ERD expression is regulated as a function of the proliferative status of C-10 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Helping patients in the supportive milieu of a community residence program for the chronically mentally ill: conceptual model and initial evaluation.

The Community Residence Program described is sponsored by an urban teaching hospital and supported by state funds. The program uses scatter-site apartments in the community to house 120 patients in a therapeutic milieu as part of their comprehensive aftercare treatment. The program stresses teaching the skills of daily living to patients with chronic, psychiatric illnesses. The conceptual model used is based on challenges and tasks appropriate for this population. Preliminary evaluation findings suggest that the program is successful in teaching patients social skills, helping them adhere to medical regimens, perform household chores and observe fire safety regulations.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Level of object representation and psychic structure deficit in obese persons.

The structural deficit and external regulation hypotheses of addiction state that addicts do not have adequate psychic structure with which to regulate painful affects internally. They instead use their drug of choice as an external regulator to self-medicate painful affects. This study tests whether the hypotheses can be applied to obese persons, for whom food may be the drug of choice. The level of object representation of 22 moderately obese and 24 normal weight subjects was compared using the Blatt Family Interaction Questionnaire. The mean level of object representation of both parents was lower for the obese subjects than for the normal-weight subjects. This finding supports the structural deficit and external regulation hypotheses of food addiction.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Differential left hemisphere activation during the voluntary control of skin resistance level.

Sixteen dextral subjects were presented auditory feedback (FBK) in the form of clicks, the frequency of which was inversely proportional to the sum of the skin resistance levels (SRLs) of the two hands. The FBK was presented in a two-ear changeover paradigm: FBK was presented for 10 minutes to one ear while a white noise masking stimulus was presented to the other; the ears of FBK and masking stimulus presentation were then reversed. Subjects were instructed to decrease the frequency of the clicking. An increase in the SRL of each hand was used as a measure of the activation of the contralateral hemisphere. Significant increases in right-hand SRL (on the order of 40% of baseline) were seen following FBK and obtained regardless of the ear to which FBK was presented, the order of FBK presentation, or the sex of the subjects. Also seen were small-magnitude changes in left-hand SRL, which were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that the left hemisphere was differentially active during acquisition of inhibitory control of SRL in dextrals receiving auditory FBK. Clinical implications of this finding are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Genetical tests for the frequency of small deletions among ems-induced point mutations in Drosophila.

In order to estimate the proportion of small deletions among EMS-induced point mutations we scored visible mutations at 6 sex-linked loci either by a specific-locus test, in which both deletions and intragenic changes survive, or in sons of attached-X females, in which deletions do not survive. About twice as many visibles were detected in the specific-locus as in the attached-X test, and between 50 and 90% of the former were lethal to males. From this we have concluded that at least 60% of EMS-induced point mutations are small deletions. The high ratio of lethal to viable visible mutations was in agreement with this conclusion. These results are compared with data from the literature, most of which report very low deletion frequencies among EMS-induced mutations. The alternative possibility, namely that EMS tends to produce clusters of linked mutations, has also been considered and finds some support in literature. Whatever the cause of the high frequency of lethals associated with specific visible mutations, our data suggest that genetic hazards from EMS may be considerable; this is indeed true for its effect of the viability of heterozygotes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Genetic tests for the detection of chemically induced small deletions in Drosophila chromosomes.

We have developed genetic tests for estimating the proportion of small deletions among chemically induced point mutations in Drosophila. The criteria used allow the detection of deletions that are large enough to include a viable visible mutation as well as a lethal, or a sex-linked lethal as well as a gene that is required for the development of a spermatogonium into a spermatozoon. On these criteria, we have concluded that DEB produces a high proportion of deletions among point mutations; that HA produces no deletions; and that DEN produces either no deletions or only very small ones that cannot be detected by our methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Diepoxybutane-induced male-transmissible X-autosome translocations in Drosophila melanogaster: a test of the supporting evidence for the Lifschytz-Lindsley model of spermatogenesis.

The Lifschytz-Lindley model of spermatogenesis in heterogametic animals postulates a stage of gene inactivation during spermatogenesis, which affects the X-chromosome and the autosomes at different times. The frequent male infertility of X-ray induced X-autosome translocations is attributed to disruption in the timing of this stage by breaks that occur in the interior euchromatic portion of the X. Indeed, all male-fertile X-ray induced translocations between the X and an autosome had their breakpoints in the proximal or distal portion of the X. We now show that this was true also for 16 male-fertile X-autosome translocations that had been induced by an alkylating agent, diepoxybutane (DEB). The significantly higher proportion of male-fertile X-translocations in this experiment than in experiments with ionizing radiation apparently is due to a preference of diepoxybutane for the induction of breaks in the "permissive" regions of the X. Older data suggest that this preference is even stronger for mustard gas as chromosome-breaking agent. While these data do not add further evidence to the Lifschytz-Lindley model, they remove a potential objection to it.

Animals↗