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Biomedical subjects

C Arthur

Publications and source records attributed to C Arthur.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Use of minisatellite DNA probes for recognition and characterization of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms can be used to distinguish blood and marrow cells from close relatives. We used two probes that recognize a series of dispersed and highly polymorphic tandem-repetitive minisatellite regions in the human genome that can be detected via a shared 10-15 base pair core sequence similar to the generalized recombination sequence (chi) of E. coli. We have studied the resulting individual-specific DNA fingerprints in 15 patients before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation performed for chronic myeloid leukaemia and in two patients transplanted for acute leukaemia. Early engraftment could be demonstrated at 3 weeks post-transplant based on the recognition of cells of donor origin. One patient who failed to engraft had only recipient type marrow cells 3 months post-transplant. Nine patients who relapsed after transplantation had only cells of recipient origin. In one patient who relapsed after transplantation with T-cell depleted donor marrow, fractionation studies showed that his T-cells at relapse were of recipient origin. We conclude that these minisatellite probes are valuable for characterizing the origin of different cell populations after marrow transplantation and could be useful for characterizing relapse when donor and recipient are of the same sex.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Foscarnet as treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis following bone marrow transplantation.

This report describes a patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia who developed cataracts on busulphan treatment. Following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, he developed cytomegalovirus retinitis, which was treated successfully with trisodium phosphonoformate (foscarnet). Cytomegalovirus retinitis and its therapy, and busulphan-induced cataract are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Frequency analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors--possible relevance to HLA-matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation.

HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) bone marrow transplants and transplants between HLA mismatched family members are associated with an increased incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in comparison with HLA-identical sibling transplants. A limiting dilution analysis system was set up to measure the frequency of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-p) in normal individuals and in potential donor/patient pairs selected for bone marrow transplantation. The donor/recipient pairs were divided into four groups depending on their degree of HLA disparity. A distinct range of CTL-p frequencies was obtained for each group and these showed a hierarchy of response related to the degree of HLA disparity between donors and recipients in that particular group. This assay system may be of value in selecting potential matched unrelated and mismatched family donor/patient pairs for those at lower risk of GVHD.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Some determinants of latency of off-response to electrical field stimulation in circular layer of smooth muscle of opossum esophagus.

Transverse strips from smooth muscle of opossum esophagus were subjected to electrical field stimulation of intramural nerves to study the latency of the off-response. Latency is the time from the end of the stimulus train to the beginning of the off-response. Latency increased from one end of the smooth muscle segment to the other; it was shortest proximally and longest distally. Variables altering this latency gradient were sought. Strip width and tension had no effect (P greater than 0.02). Longer stimulation trains shortened latency (P less than 0.02). Krebs solution was modified by changing potassium concentration and by the addition of: hexamethonium, 1 x 10(-4) M; D-tubocurarine, 1 x 10(-4) M; bethanechol, 5 x 10(-7) M; carbachol, 5 x 10(-7 M; physostigmine, 1 x 10(-7) M; propranolol, 1 x 10(-6) M; tolazoline, 5 x 10(6) M; norepinephrine, 1 x 10(-5) M; isoproterenol, 1 x 10(-6) M; and dopamine, 1 x 10(4) M. Increased potassium concentrations shortened latency, and decreased potassium concentrations lengthened it (P less than 0.02). Carbachol, bethanechol, physostigmine, and isoproterenol shortened latency (P less than 0.02). Hexamethonium, D-tubocurarine, tolazoline, propranolol, norepinephrine, and dopamine had no effect (P greater than 0.02).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of intrinsic nerves on electromyogram of cat colon in vitro.

The electromyogram of the circular muscle layer of the cat colon was studied in vitro in superfused strips of muscle. Records exhibited electrical slow waves and migrating spike bursts, as described previously. Both the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, and the local anesthetic lidocaine, (P less than 0.05) prolonged the duration of migrating spike bursts, but migrating spike bursts were not affected by the adrenergic alpha-antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, nor by the adrenergic beta-antagonist, propranolol. Also, physostigmine and atropine did not affect them. Large concentrations of catecholamines did abolish them. This suggests that the migrating spike burst represents periodic release of the muscle from the tonic influence of nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves in the intramural plexuses. Slow-wave frequency and the congruence of slow waves were not affected (P greater than 0.05) by the antagonists listed above, nor by cholinergic and adrenergic agonists. This suggests that the slow waves are not importantly controlled by intrinsic nerves.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A theoretical model for coordinating and documenting patient education.

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' patient and family education standards pose a challenge to large medical centers. Prior to 1994, Joint Commission standards required all healthcare disciplines to instruct their patients about issues relevant to their health. There was no requirement that the information that was given to patients by providers in various disciplines, units, or clinics be coordinated. Now that education is a functional chapter in the Joint Commission's Accreditation Manual for Hospitals, an integrated approach to providing such education is necessary. This article proposes a theoretical model intended to help medical centers meet the new standards, improve patient education, and improve communication among healthcare providers.

Family↗