Psychopharmacologic facilitation of operant conditioning of genetically nervous catahoula and pointer dogs.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
C Angel
Publications and source records attributed to C Angel.
Immobility reactions: a modified classification.
This theoretical paper sets the stage for subsequent experimental reports on mobility and immobility in the Arkansas Line of Nervous Pointer dogs as contrasted with kennel mates of the normal line. Exactly opposite to the normal animals, the nervous dogs show marked inhibition of heart rate and musculoskeletal responses to man, including reduced ambulation and durable immobility following inversion and brief manual restraint in an open sling. The sling immobility of the nervous dogs (which may not differ basically from their freezing in upright position) might be designated as "tonic immobility" (TI). We hypothesize that such immobility, common in laboratory and natural conditions in many species, should be divided into two classes: hypotonic (cataleptic) and hypertonic (catatonic). We provide examples of such behaviors, particularly in man and dog, and cursorily review TI studies of other species. Neurophysiologic and neurochemical studies which bear on possible immobility mechanisms are briefly noted. We suggest that inconsistencies in reported concommitants of TI might result from failure to discriminate between types of behavioral responses.
Adaptation, Biological↗
Immobility experiments with dogs of the Arkansas Line of Nervous Pointers.
As demonstrated in four experiments, dogs and pups of the Arkansas Line of Nervous Pointers, in contrast to kennel-mate dogs of the normal line, respond to manual inversion and brief restraint in an open sling with prolonged, mainly hypertonic, immobility. This response is consistent and replicable. At least in 4-month-old pups, the duration of sling immobility is positively correlated with the degree of behavioral pathology as determined by the objective Human Interaction Test. We found no evidence of basic difference between upright freezing and supine immobility.
Aging↗
Effects of naloxone and neuroleptic drugs on muscle rigidity and heart rate of the nervous Pointer dog.
Muscle rigidity, a persistent physiological characteristic of the nervous Pointer dog, is not only attenuated by the major neuroleptic drugs, haloperidol and pimozide but also by naloxone. In addition, naloxone administration results in a modest but significant increase in heart rate of these subjects. The data obtained in this study add support for the concept that an abnormality in central nervous system dopaminergic function is involved in the genesis of abnormal behavior of this animal model.
Animals↗
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of respiratory failure in pediatric patients with burns.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a treatment for pulmonary failure from postshock respiratory distress in burned children recently has been shown to salvage patients who were thought to have more than a 90% chance of dying. We describe five burned children in whom severe respiratory failure--not responsive to medical management and maximal ventilatory support--developed, and who underwent ECMO treatment. Three (60%) cases involved flame burns, with significant inhalation injury as diagnosed after a bronchoscopy; mean age was 3 years (2 to 4 years), with a mean total body surface area (TBSA) burn of 32% (15% to 53%), mean third-degree burns of 25% (5% to 53%). Two (40%) cases involved scald burns; mean age was 6 years (7 months to 11 years), with a mean TBSA burn of 56.5% (43% to 70%), mean third-degree burns of 40% (10.5% to 70%). Outcome was poor for those burned children who received ECMO therapy after prolonged ventilatory support for smoke inhalation injury. Children who experience perfusion/reperfusion shock injury to the lungs as a result of delayed resuscitation of scald burns may have an improved chance of survival with short courses of ECMO regardless of the burn size.
Burns↗
Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in a neonate: a case report and review of the literature.
To describe an unusual presentation of mesenchymal hamartoma in a critically ill neonate necessitating a novel therapeutic embolization before definitive resection. An unusual presentation of a large hepatic mass in a newborn complicated by pulmonary hypertension and vascular "steal" with renal insufficiency is presented. The mass was initially successfully embolized, but then revascularized, necessitating resection in an attempt to improve the clinical status of the critically ill neonate. The resected mass was a mesenchymal hamartoma with a necrotic center and extensive arterial collateralization. The patient began improving immediately after resection. Mesenchymal hamartoma may present in the neonate as a diagnostic dilemma. This is the first case report describing persistent pulmonary hypertension and renal compromise from this tumor. Embolization as a therapeutic modality to address this tumor is described. The cause of the persistent and severe pulmonary hypertension remains unclear,but may be related to the tumor.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Abnormal cervical cytology: a risk factor for endometrial cancer recurrence.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cervical cytology, histologic type, and risk of endometrial cancer recurrence. We performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for endometrial carcinoma. Risk factors for recurrence including histology, tumor grade, nodal status, myometrial invasion, peritoneal washings, stage, and cervical cytology were assessed. Abnormal cervical cytology was defined as the presence of any endometrial cells on Pap smear. Papillary serous and clear cell carcinomas were considered high-risk histologies. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for recurrence were performed. Thirty-nine (9%) patients developed recurrent endometrial cancer. More patients with abnormal Pap smears recurred (12% versus 4%, P < 0.05). For endometrioid adenocarcinoma, abnormal cervical cytology occurred in 61% and 7% recurred, while with high-risk histologies, 84% had abnormal cervical cytology and 19% recurred (P < 0.05). Other significant predictors of recurrence on univariate analysis were myometrial invasion, nodal status, washings, stage, and histology. On multivariate analysis, only nodal status remained a significant predictor of recurrence. Abnormal cervical cytology is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer recurrence. Abnormal cervical cytology occurs more frequently in high-risk histologies, which are known to have a higher risk of recurrence. On multivariate analysis, only nodal spread remains a significant predictor of recurrence.
Carcinoma↗
[Digital angiography and percutaneous endoluminal angioplasty].
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Angiography↗
Assessment of pointer dog behavior. Drug effects and neurochemical correlates.
Studies of behavioral traits of the "Arkansas Line of nervous pointer dogs" are well documented (Murphree et al. 1969). Demonstrations of drug effects on these traits, as measured on the standardized behavior test and expressed as "Morbidity Score," have been disappointing, despite other evidence of effectiveness of drug treatments such as modification of operant performance (Murphree et al. 1974c). A simple reproducible test with high interrater reliability is presented here. Subjects were nine nervous dogs that received placebo, pimozide, and chlordiazepoxide in a double-blind crossover design. Both drugs significantly attenuated "human avoidance," a nervous trait. Placebo had no effect. The chlordiazepoxide effect was maximal on the first day of administration, returning to baseline three to four days after the last dose. The pimozide maximal effect was on day 4, with return to baseline six to nine days after the last dose. In addition to the aberrant behavior of the nervous pointer, hyperresponsiveness to dopaminergic stimulation and increased levels of L-DOPA in the cisternal spinal fluid were observed.
Animals↗