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Biomedical subjects

C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to C Anderson.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A comparison of nonpatient and bipolar patient-well spouse couples.

The authors compared responses of 16 couples, in which one partner had a diagnosis of remitted bipolar illness, to a lengthy self-report questionnaire (KDS-15) designed to assess many aspects of marital adjustment with those of 16 matched nonpatient couples. The bipolar patient-well spouse couples had marital adjustments closely resembling those of the nonpatient couples; three of four global ratings of satisfaction failed to discriminate between the two groups. Perceptions of the courtship, first year of marriage, and the degree to which the marriage had met expectations were also similar for both groups.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1981

Altered adenylate cyclase kinetics in hyperfunctioning human parathyroid glands.

Current evidence suggests that parathyroid gland adenylate cyclase is involved in the control of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Thus, the altered control of PTH release in hyperparathyroidism may relate to altered adenylate cyclase activation. Therefore, we examined adenylate cyclase kinetics in membrane preparations from hyperfunctioning human parathyroid glands and normal human and bovine parathyroid tissues. There were no differences in the affinity for ATP between enzymes of normal and pathological tissue. However, the enzyme in 10 hyperfunctioning glands showed increased affinity for Mg++. The activation constant for Mg++ (KaMg) of adenylate cyclase in normal human glands was 10.6 +/- 2 mM, a value not different from that of normal bovine parathyroid tissue (9.5 +/- 1 mM). In contrast, the adenylate cyclase in membrane preparations from three of four hyperplastic and six of seven adenomatous human glands showed a markedly reduced KaMg, ranging from 0.85-1.64 mM and from 1.58-6.46 mM, respectively. In one adenoma and one hyperplastic gland, the Ka of the enzyme for Mg++ was close to normal. The addition of guanylylimidodiphosphate or GTP to the incubation mixture increased, in a dose-dependent manner, the apparent KaMg of the enzyme in the abnormal tissue toward normal, suggesting a defective nucleotide regulatory site in the adenylate cyclase of hyperparathyroid glands. In addition, the hyperparathyroid gland enzyme was less susceptible to inhibition by calcium, requiring 0.7-1 mM Ca++ for 50% inhibition, whereas comparable inhibition of the normal adenylate cyclase was seen at 0.22-0.28 mM Ca++. We conclude that the abnormal control of PTH secretion in hyperparathyroidism may be related, at least in part, to alterations in the characteristics of parathyroid gland adenylate cyclase.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1980

Dimaprit inhibition of zymosan-stimulated beta-glucuronidase release from human granulocytes.

Histamine inhibits the in vitro release of granulocytic lysosomal beta-glucuronidase when incubated with complement activated zymosan particles and this is an H2-receptor response. The highly specific histamine H2-receptor agonist, dimaprit, also inhibits this secretory enzyme release but is less potent (-log molar ED50 6.71 with histamine vs. -log ED50 5.97 with dimaprit, p less than 0.05). No change in beta-glucuronidase release was found with the H1-agonst, 2-(2 pyridyl)-ethylamine. The antagonist activity of metiamide was similar with the two agonists (KB = 2.9 x 10(-8) M with histamine and KB = 3.6 x 10(-8) M with dimaprit). Diphenhydramine did not change the granulocyte response to either histamine or dimaprit.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Qualitative real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging of the human fetus during the second half of pregnancy.

In this study, we used high-resolution echocardiographic systems to investigate how early in pregnancy normal fetal cardiac anatomy could be noninvasively evaluated. Over a 2-year period, 84 of 88 fetuses were successfully imaged (27 were studied serially). Postnatal images of 73 were obtained during the newborn period. Estimated fetal age varied at initial examination from 19-41 weeks (mean +/- 0.5 weeks [+/- SEM]) of pregnancy. Estimated fetal weight using an ultrasound algorithm varied from 500-3100 g (mean 1580 +/- 80 g [+/- SEM]). To evaluate fetal cardiac anatomy, we reproduced commonly used cross-sectional views of the heart. The four-chamber and the short-axis great artery views have been most successful for cardiac evaluation in the fetus. These views could be obtained in 96% and 95% of the patients, respectively. With these views, cardiac chamber and valve structures, as well as two great arteries, could be imaged in detail. The ascending and descending aorta, as well as the aortic arch and vessels to the arms and head, were visualized in 87% of examinations, and the inferior and superior venae cavae were visualized in 76%. In two of three RH fetuses, changes in cardiac chambers compatible with hydrops fetalis were demonstrated. We examined all fetuses after birth and verified clinically (or noninvasively) that no cardiac malformations were present. It appears, however, that the diagnosis of major congenital heart defects should be possible before birth.

Aorta↗
PubMed1980

Impaired in vitro beta-adrenergic granulocyte response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Isoproterenol (ISO), histamine (HIS), and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) inhibit the in vitro release of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during incubation with complement-coated zymosan particles. In asthma, this granulocyte response to ISO and HIS is impaired. Using this in vitro cell model to assess granulocyte beta-adrenergic response, we studied 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All had long-standing disease and severe obstruction (FEV1 = 37.5% of predicted). The granulocyte response to HIS challenge in patients with COPD was normal when compared to control subjects, in contrast to the response from the asthmatic group. The granulocyte response to ISO challenge in patients with COPD, however, was reduced compared to control subjects, but not to the degree found in the asthmatics. This demonstrated that reduced granulocyte response to ISO is not limited to asthmatics, but can be found as well in other obstructive diseases of the lung.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1980

Expression of oncodevelopmental gene products by human tumor cells in culture.

Sixty-seven human tumor cell lines and 15 lines derived from normal tissue were examined for the production of the oncodevelopmental markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha and beta subunits of chorionic gonadotropin, placental and nonplacental forms of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, cystyl aminopeptidase, and calcitonin. Both intracellular and extracellular levels of these markers were determined at three phases during the growth of each culture. Sixty-eight percent of the cell lines produced elevated levels (greater than or equal to 90th percentile) of at least one marker. Of those, 46% produced elevated levels of one marked only, 29% produced two, 22% produced three, and 4% produced four markers. No cell line produced more than four markers at elevated levels. In most instances, however, the expression of any two particular markers was discordant. For approximately 50% of the possible marker pairs, Spearman rank-ordered correlation analyses showed significant negative correlations, indicating that when one marker was produced at elevated levels by a given cell line, other markers were usually absent ot produced at relatively low levels. In no instance was a significant positive correlation found between two markers. These data indicated that, although most human malignant cells examined produced one or more oncodevelopmental gene markers at elevated levels, no predictable coexpression of any two of the markers was seen.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Stimulation of synthesis and secretion of chorionic gonadotropin subunits by eutopic and ectopic hormone-producing human cell lines.

The effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3'3':-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and sodium butyrate on the synthesis and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) by trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic human cell lines were studied by radioimmunoassay and pulse-chase labeling techniques. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated synthesis and secretion of HCG-alpha and HCG-beta subunits by the trophoblastic cell lines JAR and BeWo, whereas butyrate had no effect or decreased secretion. On the other hand, a number of nontrophoblastic cell lines (including the breast carcinoma lines ZR-75-31, BT-20, and MCF-7; the bronchogenic carcinoma line ChaGo; and the cervical carcinoma line HeLa S3) were induced to synthesize and secrete increased amounts of HCG subunits by butyrate, but dibutyryl cyclic AMP had less or no stimulatory effect. The nontrophoblastic brain tumor line CBT was an exception to this general rule in that HCG-beta production was stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP but not by butyrate. In all cases, the drug-induced increase in HCG subunit secretion was directly proportional to the elevation of HCG subunit synthesis. These data suggest that the differential effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and butyrate on trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic cells reflect differences in the transcription or translation of HCG subunit genes induced by these agents in the two cell types.

Bucladesine↗
PubMed1980

Haversian bone-remodeling measurements in young Beagles.

Haversian bone remodeling was measured in Beagles (8.9 to 9.9 months of age) from a colony of laboratory-raised animals. The data were compared with data in published age-related curves. There was no marked dissimilarity between the measurements of haversian bone-remodeling values in Beagles from different sources.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Experimental studies of the etiology of genital exhibitionism.

Several studies are reported which examine the critical stimuli and responses as well as personality factors important in genital exhibitionism. Using penile volume measurement, sex history questionnaires, personality tests, and behavioral observations, it was found that (1) exhibitionists responded most to mature females and were comparable to normals in reactions to children and men; (2) while exhibitionists indicated narcissistic desires in exposing, in a laboratory study they did not differ from controls in reactions to exposing with various reactions of the female, from sexual arousal and admiration to fear and anger; (3) the only strong features distinguishing exhibitionists from controls and other sexually anomalous subjects were peeping associated with orgasm and outdoor solitary masturbation; (4) exhibitionists seemed to be less assertive and less feminine than controls, but results were weak and inconsistent; (5) exhibitionists and controls did not differ in separation and divorce or marital satisfaction; (6) blood testosterone and penile reactivity of exhibitionists were within normal limits. Overall, the results suggest that most major theories of genital exhibitionism are wanting. It is suggested that narcissism and pedophilia be examined further in connection with exhibitionism.

Adult↗