Biomedical subjects

C Alberti

Publications and source records attributed to C Alberti.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Prostate cancer progression and surrounding microenvironment.

Bidirectional cellular interactions between prostate cancer and prostate or bone stroma are needed for local tumor growth and distant metastasis. The genetics of cancer cells is affected by the host microenvironment and, reciprocally, permanent gene expression changes occur in the stroma surrounding epithelial cancer cells. The immune-mediated micromilieu also affects the progression of prostate cancer; the role of the immune system in controlling the growth of prostate cancer cells is complex, with immune escape mechanisms prevailing over effective antitumor response. Moreover, tumor stem cell models to explain the origin and progression of prostate cancer require appropriate environmental conditions. On the basis of a review of the literature, this article aims to outline the recent advances in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between prostate cancer and its microenvironment.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Structural and functional correlations in dysectasias of junctions at various sites].

On the basis of previous studies by means of urography, renography, cholangiocholecistography, possible analogies are sought after in the behaviour of several junctions such as upper and lower uretheral, cholecisto-choledocical, eosophago-cardial. Some significant patterns were found to be in common, or close relations, among the various syndromes.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Phakomatosis: anatomo-clinical expressions of urological interest].

Up to date etiopathogenetic knowledge of phakomatoses allows a more rational classification as compared to the known ones, based on anatomopathological and/or clinical features. Some genes have been identified, which are correlated with neurofibromatoses, tuberous sclerosis and other conditions, through general biologic mechanisms (derivatives of the embryonic neural crest; nerve growth factor and its receptor; oncogenes and antioncogenes, etc.). A prenatal predictive value from those genetic connections can also ensue. The new diagnostics, both by imaging and by laboratory techniques, may affect the therapeutic choices, as for as urological involvement is concerned.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Central and peripheral neuromodulation of ejaculation. An updating contribution].

Some recent results of both experimental and clinical researches have brought to the attention the role of new neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors involved in the process of seminal ejaculation. In the central neurochemical system (neurotransmitters and neurohormones), besides the known monoamines, several aminoacids, peptides, steroids, kinins, PGs--some of which produced by the glia--have been recently evidenced. Among the peripheral receptors, besides the muscarinic and adrenergic ones, some neuropeptidic (VIP, Neuropeptide Y, endogenous opioids, etc.) take part in the effectorial process of ejaculation. Many pharmacological agents may interfere with the ejaculation, at both central and peripheral levels.

Ejaculation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[New findings regarding neuroreceptors in the lower urinary tract].

In the field of the neuroreceptors of the lower urinary tract, knowledge is being increased by some recent experimental findings, such as muscarinic subtypes, adrenergic and serotoninergic selective receptors. Moreover, the role of peptidergic receptors (VIP, CGRP, TKs, SP, ecc.; neuropeptide release from peripheral endings of capsaicin-sensitive nerves) has been suggested and investigations are in progress.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cystic kidney disease in the adult. Update].

Genetic changes on the extracellular matrix of nephron basal lamina seem to underlie the pathogenesis of renal cystic disease, as also confirmed by experimental results. The cysts behave as dynamic structures and repeat some physiological features of the nephron segment which gave origin to them. These properties reflect, for instance, on the pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs. New imaging techniques detect more and more asymptomatic cystic formations of very little volume. Moreover, a better definition of some complications, such as haemorrhage and infections, is afforded by the RX- and RM-CT and the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals (67Ga-citrate, 99mTc-sulfur-colloids, 111In-labeled leucocytes).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of venous drainage in uro-genital pathology].

Problems of venous hemodynamics underlie several uro-andrological conditions, such as idiopathic or acquired varicocele, erective impairment from venous leakage, intercaval collateral pathways induction from venous obstructive processes (thrombosis, embolism, external caval compression). Particularly, the renal venous thrombosis seems to be ascribed to a primary membranous glomerulo-nephritis rather than to a reverse mechanism. Moreover, the caval obstruction proximal to the hepatic confluence can induce a portal system's impairment, such as in the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Some diagnostics (US, RX-CT, RM-CT) afford to day a better evidence of the underlying venous imbalances in the aforesaid conditions.

Female Urogenital Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Occult carcinoma in urology. Nosography and diagnosis].

The term "unknown carcinoma" may be referred to any tumour that is not revealed by clinical examination or by routine diagnostic measures; the same term can indicate metastases whose source remains unknown until revealed by autopsy. The definition of the tumour histotype is mandatory for a correct choice of curative or a palliative treatment; therefore, a recognition of primary tumour should be cunningly aimed at. With regard to imaging diagnostics, some highly paramagnetic molecules for RM will shortly be available; with regard to nuclear medicine, some gamma-releasing immuno-specific markers reacting with tumour-associated antigens are also made available. Laboratory advances nowadays afford a better definition of biopsy samples, namely monoclonal antibodies versus cytospecific antigens and/or tumour-associated antigens; immuno-histochemical markers, such as anti-AFP and anti-HCG monoclonals, that detect the testicular source (germinal tumours) of a highly undifferentiated retroperitoneal mass; etc. It seems therefore possible the foresee a reduction in the incidence of "unknown" carcinomas.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tumors of the adrenal medulla: nosologic profile and diagnostic technics].

A nosologic re-arrangement of medullo-adrenal neoplasms has been looked for in this article, with particular regard to their common relationship to the complex histogenic system descending from the neuroectoderma-neural crista. The morpho-biologic features of these clinical entities are also reviewed, as well as the up to date laboratory and imaging techniques, with a stress on the high sensibility and specificity levels afforded, e.g., for some of these tumours by selected radio-isotopic examinations, due to their histogenetic, thereby biologic peculiarities.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tumors of the adrenal cortex. Physiopathologic basis of current diagnosis].

A survey of functional and pathological features of adrenal tumours and of the pathogenetic pathways of related hormonal syndromes is presented. The up-to-date diagnostic means, with particular stress on nuclear techniques, are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied