Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C A Stone

Publications and source records attributed to C A Stone.

77 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Can a picture really paint a thousand words?

Plastic surgeons require a three-dimensional appreciation of form and function in order to meet reconstructive challenges. The popular perception that plastic surgeons must be artistic was tested in an observational study of sketch illustrations in plastic surgery case notes. Only in the trunk and breast category of illustrations could career plastic surgeons demonstrate superior artistic skill to non-career plastic surgeons and there was little correlation between the artistic merit of a diagram and the likelihood of its meaning being understood by an independent observer. Simple but accurate outline sketches are as capable of leading an observer to the correct diagnosis as complex works of art, while illustrations with low diagnostic scores are not only misleading but may also have medico-legal implications.

Art↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correspondences among parent, teacher, and student perceptions of adolescents' learning disabilities.

A group of 26 adolescents with learning disabilities (Grades 9 through 12), their parents, and their special education teachers were asked to rate the students' skills in each of 21 specific areas covering general ability, oral language, reading, written language, math, study skills, motivation, social skills, attention, and nonverbal skills. Correspondences in the absolute and relative ratings of parents, teachers, and students across the 21 skill areas were examined. The parents' ratings were consistent with those of the teachers in 16 areas and significantly lower than the teachers in 5 areas. The students' ratings were generally higher than those of their parents and teachers. The student-teacher differences were significant in 6 areas, whereas the student-parent differences were significant in 11 areas. Although generally lower in absolute terms than the ratings of their children, the parents' relative ratings were strikingly parallel to their children's ratings across skill areas (r = 80). Differences in the reference groups used for the ratings did not seem to account for the discrepant ratings. Possible implications of the differing perceptions of students' learning disabilities for students' self-esteem and academic progress are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The metaphor of scaffolding: its utility for the field of learning disabilities.

Over the past 20 years, an increasing number of psychologists and educators have used the notion of scaffolding as a metaphor for the process by which adults (and more knowledgeable peers) guide children's learning and development. The purpose of the present article is to provide a critical analysis of the scaffolding metaphor, with particular emphasis on its applications to the case of atypical learners. In the initial sections of the article, the origins and early applications of the metaphor are sketched. With this as background, criticisms of the metaphor raised by others are reviewed, and a proposal for an enriched version of the metaphor is presented. At the heart of the proposed revision is an emphasis on the communicational dynamics and conceptual reorganization involved in adult-child interactions. With an enriched metaphor as a frame, the next section reviews applications of the scaffolding metaphor to the study of parent-child interactions and teacher-student instructional activities involving children with learning disabilities. The strengths and limitations of this work are evaluated, and proposals are made for how to reap further benefits from applications of the scaffolding metaphor to analyses of the development and instruction of children with learning disabilities.

Adult↗