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Biomedical subjects

C A Sohn

Publications and source records attributed to C A Sohn.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical efficacy of cefonicid in the treatment of staphylococcal infections.

Cefonicid is a parenteral cephalosporin with a half-life of 4.5 hours, which permits once-daily dosing. The efficacy of cefonicid in the treatment of established staphylococcal infections was reviewed in all patients with infections due to staphylococci who were treated with cefonicid during the US clinical development program. Two hundred evaluable cases were identified, of which 95 had other pathogens as well. Cefonicid was clinically effective in 92% of skin and soft tissue infections, 74% of bone and joint infections, 83% of respiratory tract infections, and 95% of urinary tract infections. None of the three evaluable patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis responded to cefonicid. Thus, based on current evidence, cefonicid is not effective in the treatment of established staphylococcal endocarditis. However, for the treatment of staphylococcal infections at other sites, cefonicid is comparable to other cephalosporins, most of which must be administered more frequently than cefonicid and thus are less cost-effective.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed1981

Preceptors' views of community pharmacy clerkships: a national survey.

A survey was administered to a random sample of community pharmacy practitioners who participate as preceptors in clerkship programs for colleges of pharmacy throughout the country. The purpose of this survey was to determine (1) in what ways, if any, students have affected the preceptors' practices; (20 whether the students served as a sources of continuing education to the preceptors; (3) whether the preceptors identified areas of students' strengths/deficiencies; and (4) roles of colleges of pharmacy and pharmacy associations in providing continuing education programs for pharmacists. Results of this survey are discussed. Data are cross-tabulated for types of pharmacy services provided, years in practice, length of clerkship rotations, and other essential demographic information needed for evaluation. Based on responses, recommendations are made that will provide guidance to colleges of pharmacy, pharmaceutical associations, and practitioners currently involved or those who are considering involvement in clerkship programs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of ketoconazole.

The pharmacology, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, clinical use, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and drug interactions of ketoconazole are reviewed. Ketoconazole, a new orally active antifungal agent, is an imidazole derivative structurally related to miconazole and clotrimazole. It impairs the synthesis of ergosterol (the main sterol in fungal cell membranes) in susceptible organisms, including yeast (Candida and Cryptococcus spp.), fungi, and dermatophytes. Ketoconazole is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; it is better absorbed from acidic aqueous solutions, so drugs that alter the pH of the stomach affect ketoconazole absorption. Therapeutic plasma concentrations are maintained for several hours following ketoconazole administration. Ketoconazole distributes readily into blood, urine, saliva, joint fluid, sebum, and cerumen; recent data indicate it may penetrate into cerebrospinal fluid as well. Elimination is biphasic, with a half-life of two hours during the first 10 hours following a dose, and a half-life of eight hours thereafter. Ketoconazole is metabolized by the hepatic microsomal oxidation system; metabolites are excreted renally. Ketoconazole is effective in treatment of several local and systemic fungal infections. It is approved by FDA for treating candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, oral thrush, candiduria, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Ketoconazole has also shown promise in other conditions not yet approved by FDA, including dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor, and vaginal candidosis. Controlled, comparative, double-blind trials of ketoconazole versus older agents are generally unavailable. Nausea and vomiting are the most common adverse effects encountered with ketoconazole. Transient elevations in serum liver enzymes have been noted occasionally. Initial daily ketoconazole dosage is 200 mg taken with a meal; 400 mg daily has been used for some conditions. Ketoconazole is a promising new drug, especially when one considers other available antifungal agents. However, large-scale comparative studies are not yet available; a more definitive evaluation of efficacy and safety, especially when the drug is used for long periods of time, must await more widespread use of ketoconazole.

Fungi↗