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Biomedical subjects

C A Reed

Publications and source records attributed to C A Reed.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Induction of neutralizing antibodies to papillomaviruses by anti-idiotypic antibodies.

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids) were generated against three mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which neutralized three different papillomaviruses. The neutralizing MAbs (N-MAbs) were generated against infectious human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11), cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV), and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1), and all recognized surface conformational epitopes that were lost upon denaturation of the virions. The polyclonal anti-Ids were screened in an ELISA using a panel of 10 N-MAbs (4 HPV-11 neutralizing, 5 CRPV neutralizing, and 1 BPV-1 neutralizing), and cross-reactive idiotypic reactivity was observed. Affinity-purified anti-H11.B2 (HPV-11 N-MAb) cross-reacted with the 3 other HPV-11 N-MAbs, was unreactive to a nonneutralizing HPV-11 MAb and all 5 CRPV N-MAbs, but surprisingly was reactive to the BPV-1 N-MAb. In contrast, affinity-purified anti-CRPV-1A (CRPV N-MAb) reacted with all 5 CRPV N-MAbs, but not with any other MAb. Affinity-purified anti-B1.A1 (BPV-1 N-MAb) also showed unexpected cross-reactivity with the 4 HPV-11 N-MAbs, but not with any of the CRPV N-MAbs. Two of the three polyclonal rabbit anti-Ids induced strong anti-viral antibody responses (including virus-neutralizing antibodies) in BALB/c mice following immunization. The results indicate that within a mouse strain, papillomavirus-neutralizing antibodies share cross-reactive idiotopes that group the N-MAbs into several subsets. One group includes the CRPV N-MAbs, and another group includes N-MAbs directed to apparently unrelated papillomaviruses, including HPV-11, BPV-1, and possibly HPV-6.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Postattachment neutralization of papillomaviruses by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.

Postattachment neutralization of papillomaviruses (PVs) was analyzed in three PV-infectivity models: (i) the BPV-1-induced focus-forming assay using C127 cells; (ii) in vitro abortive infection of rabbit RK-13 and Sf1Ep cells with CRPV; and (iii) HPV-11-induced morphological transformation of human foreskin chips in the athymic mouse xenograft system. In each assay system, aliquots of infectious virus were added to the appropriate target cells and incubated at 37 degrees, followed at various postinfection time intervals with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (N-MAbs) that target surface conformational epitopes. In all three model systems, the N-MAbs were able to neutralize PV infection when added as late as 8 hr after addition of infectious PV to host cells. These results imply that papillomaviruses attach to but do not penetrate inside host cells for a significant period of time and that the bound virus is thus still susceptible to neutralization by neutralizing antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Assembled baculovirus-expressed human papillomavirus type 11 L1 capsid protein virus-like particles are recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and induce high titres of neutralizing antibodies.

Baculovirus-expressed human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) major capsid protein (L1) virus-like particles (VLPs) were produced in insect cells and purified on CsCl density gradients. The VLPs retained conformational neutralizing epitopes that were detected by a series of HPV-11-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Electron microscopy determined that the HPV-11 L1 VLPs were variable in size with a surface topography similar to that of infectious HPV-11. The VLPs were very antigenic, and induced high titres of neutralizing antibodies in rabbits and mice when used as an immunogen without commercial preparations of adjuvant. These VLP reagents may be effective vaccines for protection against HPV infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Employing people with disabilities.

By July 26, 1994, employers with 15 or more employees must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. By understanding the ADA regulations, you can recruit qualified, dedicated employees from a virtually untapped segment of the population.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1990

The sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and herpes simplex type II to disinfection with povidone-iodine.

Povidone-iodine is an effective broad-spectrum disinfectant with no reported toxicity to the cornea and conjunctiva when applied topically in single dose to the ocular surface. We challenged four strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a clinical isolate of Chlamydia trachomatis, and one strain of herpes simplex virus type II with three different concentrations of povidone-iodine (5%, 1%, and 0.1%) for one minute. The challenge inoculum of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex virus type II were completely sterilized by all three solutions. The chlamydia titer was reduced by two log units at the 5% and 1% concentrations, but not the 0.1% concentration. Povidone-iodine may be of potential use in the prophylaxis of newborns against ophthalmia neonatorum.

Blood↗
PubMed1990

Comparative laboratory diagnosis of experimental herpes simplex keratitis.

We compared two commercially available tests, a direct immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to viral isolation in tissue culture for the laboratory diagnosis of untreated and partially treated experimental herpes simplex virus keratitis. New Zealand albino rabbits were inoculated bilaterally with herpes simplex virus-1 McKrae strain after corneal scarification. One eye of each rabbit was treated with a 1% trifluorothymidine solution daily, starting on the third day after inoculation. The direct immunofluorescence assay showed lower sensitivity for herpes simplex virus detection than viral isolation in tissue culture for both untreated and partially treated eyes. The Herpchek ELISA demonstrated similar sensitivity to tissue culture in detecting herpes simplex virus in untreated eyes. In the treated group, however, the Herpchek ELISA showed a higher percentage of eyes positive for herpes simplex virus than did viral isolation in tissue culture. After the initiation of antiviral therapy, eyes that no longer harbor infectious virus that can be isolated in tissue culture may remain herpes simplex virus antigen-positive and thus be more amenable to laboratory diagnosis using the rapid ELISA method.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a latex agglutination test for herpes simplex virus.

We evaluated a new commercial latex agglutination test for herpes simplex virus antigen detection (Virogen Herpes Slide Test, Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.). In testing of eluates from 100 lesion swabs, mostly from genital sites, the following test parameters were ascertained: sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 89%; positive predictive value, 89%; negative predictive value, 72%. Testing was also performed on 160 supernatants from 153 cell cultures inoculated with clinical samples. In this application, sensitivity and specificity were each 100%, provided supernatants were sampled for testing when the cytopathic effect involved at least 25% of the cell monolayer.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1981

A (carbonmonoxy)heme complex with a weak proximal bond. Molecular stereochemistry of carbonyl(deuteroporphinato)(tetrahydrofuran)iron(II).

The synthesis and structural characterization of a six-coordinate (carbonmonoxy)(porphyrin)iron(II), carbonyl(deuteroporphinato)(tetrahydrofuran)iron(II), is described. The choice of tetrahydrofuran as the sixth ligand represents one of the weakest field and weakest binding ligands possible and leads to stronger than usual bonding of CO to the heme. The Fe--C(CO) bond distance is 1.706 A, unusually short. The Fe--O(THF) bond distance in the low-spin complex is 2.127 A. The Fe--C--O and O--Fe--C groups are essentially linear with angles of 178.3 degrees and 177.4 degrees, respectively. The iron atom is displaced out of plane 0.10 A toward the tightly bound CO. The results suggest that the different CO stretching frequencies observed in myoglobin might result from modulating the bonding of the histidine trans to CO. Crystal data are as follows: a = 11.524 (3) A, b = 14.915 (5) A, c = 10.583 (2) A; alpha = 91.51 (2) degrees, beta = 108.99 (2) degrees, gamma = 102.86 (3) degrees; triclinic, space group P1, Z = 2; rho calcd = 1.363 g/cm3, rho obsd = 1.370 g/cm3.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

Clinical technique for identification of external carotid bruits.

A 66-year-old woman had an asymptomatic bruit over the right carotid bifurcation. Carotid Doppler and real-time ultrasound studies demonstrated an isolated 50 to 75% stenosis of the right external carotid artery. We devised a simple maneuver to determine which artery, internal or external carotid, caused the bruit.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

High magnetic field Mössbauer studies of deoxymyoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and synthetic analogues.

Mössbauer spectra of deoxymyoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and the synthetic analogues, iron (II) 2-methylimidazole meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, and iron (II) 1,2-dimethylimidazole meso-tetraphenylporphyrin have been observed in high magnetic fields and over a wide range of temperature. At temperatures greater than 20 K all materials exhibit remarkably similar spectra, with anisotropic internal magnetic fields decreasing as 1/T. All have negative quadrupole interaction, and both this and the magnetic anisotropy imply that the orbital of the odd electron is prolate in the ground quintet, with little unquenched orbital angular momentum. At 4.2 K the spectra differ, suggesting different detailed structure within the quintet. In contrast to the proteins, the 2-methyl model exhibits spectra at 4.2 K which imply that the lowest spin state has high susceptibility in a single direction.

Hemoglobins↗
PubMed1978

Cytomegalovirus in juvenile iridocyclitis.

We cultured cytomegalovirus from lens material aspirated from the eye of a 4-year-old boy who had a severe bilateral iridocyclitis and secondary cataracts. There were neither systemic manifestations of congenital disease nor chorioretinitis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

On the bonding of FeO2 in hemoglobin and related dioxygen complexes.

The celebrated Fe(II)0(2) versus Fe(III) (02-) debate over the formal representation of the Fe02 moiety in hemoglobin can be resolved by consideration of the utility of each formalism. In the context of rationalizing the gross structural and electronic features of end-bound dioxygen, particularly in light of a new closely related chromium complex, the M(III)-(02-) formulation is both chemically reasonable and most useful. In conjunction with a qualitative molecular orbital overlap picture, the differing magnetic states of enc-bound M02 complexes and other geometrical features can be rationalized or predicted.

Chemical Phenomena↗