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Biomedical subjects

C A Osborne

Publications and source records attributed to C A Osborne.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Maximum-distention retrograde urethrocystography in healthy male dogs: occurrence and radiographic appearance of urethroprostatic reflux.

Urethroprostatic reflux was found during retrograde urethrocystography in 21 of 24 mature healthy Beagles. Minimal parenchymal-positive contrast " blushes " near the urethra were identified, but no massive accumulations of contrast medium within the prostate were found. A particulate contrast medium, sterilized barium sulfate, was used in 12 of the dogs. After retrograde urethrocystography, the barium particles were found in the secretory (acinar) portion of the prostatic parenchyma, confirming that urethroprostatic reflux extended beyond the prostatic duct system that directly empties into the urethral lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Maximum-distention retrograde urethrocystography in healthy male dogs: occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux.

Twenty-four healthy, mature male Beagles were examined radiographically for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by maximum-distention retrograde urethrocystography. Bilateral VUR was observed in 9 dogs and unilateral VUR was observed in 3 dogs. The VUR occurred when the bladder was full or nearly full when maximum bladder filling was defined by trigonal-prostatic urethral dilation. The refluxed contrast medium reached the renal pelves in all but 3 of the 21 affected ureters.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of modified protein diets in dogs with chronic renal failure.

A maintenance diet containing 44.4% dry weight protein and 2 reduced protein diets containing 17.2% and 8.2% dry weight protein were studied in dogs with induced chronic renal failure to determine effects on their (1) clinical status, (2) renal function, (3) electrolyte and acid-base balance, (4) divalent ion balance, (5) nutritional status, (6) hematologic status, and (7) hemostasis. A cross-over design of feeding was utilized so that the effect of diet could be studied in each dog at a known state of renal dysfunction and so that reversibility of effects could be determined. The inulin clearance rate was higher when the 44.4% protein diet was fed than when the 8.2% or 17.2% protein diets were fed. However, consumption of lower protein diets was associated with greater physical activity and reduction in serum urea nitrogen concentrations, compared with consumption of the 44.4% protein maintenance diet. Varying degrees of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis developed in dogs fed the 8.2% and 17.2% protein diets. Reduced total serum protein and albumin concentrations, and hypercholesterolemia developed in dogs fed the 8.2% protein diet. All effects were reversible after diets were changed. It was concluded that diet-induced alterations in renal function associated with moderate dietary protein restriction did not adversely effect clinical and biochemical status of dogs with renal failure. It was unclear whether the clinical and biochemical changes observed with more severe protein restriction resulted from diet-induced changes in renal function.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Vesicoureteral reflux induced by manual compression of the urinary bladder of dogs and cats.

Vesicoureteral reflux caused by manual compression of the urinary bladder performed to obtain urine samples was evaluated by contrast radiography in 10 sedated, clinically normal male and female dogs and in 10 sedated, clinically normal male and female cats. Vesicoureteral reflux occurred in 50% of the dogs and in 40% of the cats. Application of digital pressure to the urinary bladder for a prolonged period to initiate urine voiding was associated with a greater occurrence of reflux than was application of digital pressure for a transient period. Contrast material refluxed into the prostate gland of 3 of 6 male dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Influence of modified protein diets on the nutritional status of dogs with induced chronic renal failure.

The influence of a canine maintenance diet containing 44.4% protein (dry weight) and 2 reduced-protein renal-failure diets containing 8.2% or 17.2% protein (dry weight) on the nutritional status of dogs with induced chronic renal failure was evaluated for 40 weeks. Nutritional status was assessed by changes in serially determined body weights, hindlimb circumferences, serum protein concentrations, complete blood cell counts, serum cholesterol concentrations, glucose tolerance tests, and blood glucose concentrations. Evidence of suboptimum nutritional status was observed in dogs fed the 8.2% or 44.4% protein diets, but not in dogs fed the 17.2% protein diet. Only a small reduction in hindlimb circumference developed in dogs fed the 17.2% protein diet. Reduced body weight and hindlimb circumference and normocytic normochromic anemia developed in dogs fed the 44.4% protein diet. Reduced body weight and hindlimb circumference, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and normocytic normochromic anemia developed in dogs fed the 8.2% protein diet. A beneficial effect of moderate dietary protein restriction (17.2% protein) on the nutritional status of the dogs was observed. In contrast, excessive intake or restriction of dietary protein was associated with detrimental effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Complications of retrograde contrast urethrography in dogs and cats.

Urinary bladder lesions varying histologically from a focal hemorrhagic cystitis to a diffuse transmural fibrinonecrotic cystitis were encountered in 11 of 14 dogs and cats euthanatized 1 day after retrograde urethrography. Focal-to-diffuse hemorrhagic urethritis was histologically encountered in 14 of 14 dogs and cats euthanatized 1 day after retrograde urethrography. Lesions in the urinary bladder and urethra were not reversible within 14 days and were evident histologically in 10 of 15 urinary bladders and 11 of 15 urethras of dogs and cats euthanatized 14 days after retrograde urethrography. During urethrography, iatrogenic mural leakage of contrast media into the bladder wall or bladder wall rupture was encountered radiographically in 6 of 15 dogs and 3 of 14 cats. However, macroscopic evidence of bladder rupture was encountered in only 1 male dog at necropsy. Immediately after retrograde urethrography, macroscopic hematuria occurred in 12 of 15 dogs and 9 of 14 cats. Microscopic hematuria was not encountered in dogs or cats euthanatized 14 days after urethrography. Pyuria was encountered less frequently and was present in only 2 cats euthanatized 14 days after urethrography. One day after urethrography, urinary tract infection characterized by urine cultures with greater than 10(5) microbes/ml was encountered in 4 of 29 dogs and cats. All animals with urinary tract infection were female dogs or cats. At day 14, only 1 female cat had a positive urine culture. Seemingly, the technique of retrograde urethrography was the cause of the encountered lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of prolonged distention of retention catheters on the urethra of dogs and cats.

The effects of inflation of a balloon-tipped catheter in the distal part of the urethra of clinically healthy male and female dogs and cats were evaluated. Tissues were evaluated at 1 and 14 days after balloon inflation. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were limited to the distal part of the urethra occupied by the inflated balloon in animals which were euthanatized 1 day after balloon inflation. The lesions were characterized by submucosal urethral hemorrhage. This investigation indicates that balloon inflation for 15 minutes duration in the distal part of the urethra of dogs and cats results in a mild reversible inflammatory reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of renal biopsy in 197 dogs and cats.

A retrospective study of needle biopsy of the kidney of 163 dogs and 34 cats was performed to evaluate its clinical value and postbiopsy complications. Complications included microscopic hematuria (41 of 53 cases in which urinalyses were performed within 48 hours following the biopsy), gross hematuria (4 dogs), and hydronephrosis (3 of 82 dogs and 1 of 19 cats necropsied). Satisfactory needle biopsy specimens were obtained by use of Franklin-Silverman, Metcoff, and true-cut needles. The necropsy diagnosis matched the biopsy diagnosis in 80 of 82 dogs necropsied and in 17 of 19 cats necropsied.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Canine cutaneous lymphoma.

Cutaneous lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) was diagnosed by multiple biopsies of nonulcerated cutaneous lesions in 13 dogs. The disease was initially characterized by erythema and alopecia of the trunk. Subsequently severe scaling, pruritus, and skin nodules developed. Lymph nodes were usually normal in size during early stages of the disease but became enlarged as the disease became extensive. Four dogs were treated with cytotoxic drugs. Marked improvement of skin lesions occurred in 3 dogs, but treatment did not prevent development of extra-cutaneous lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of chronic heat and cold stressors on plasma immunoglobulin and mitogen-induced blastogenesis in calves.

Fifty-six Holstein calves were used to investigate effects of heat and cold stressors on mitogen-induced blastogenesis of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and immunoglobulins G1 and M in blood plasma. Calves were exposed to constant hot (35 degrees C), constant cold (-5 degrees C), or thermoneutral (23 degrees C) ambient conditions in environmentally-controlled chambers. Immune responses were measured soon after introduction into environmental chambers (3 days) and after various degrees of adaptation (7 and 14 days). Mortality was greater among heat- and cold-exposed calves than among thermoneutral calves. Neither heat nor cold exposure had a direct effect on blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. Plasma from heat- and cold-exposed calves then was incorporated into the culture medium at a final concentration of 5% and tested in a mitogenesis assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a single healthy donor. Plasma from heat-exposed calves consistently enhanced tritiated thymidine incorporation into normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A as compared to plasma from cold-exposed calves. After heat exposure for 3 to 14 days, immunoglobulin G1 averaged 27% less in heat-exposed calves than in calves that were held at thermoneutrality, but M was unaffected. Cold exposure did not have a consistent effect on G1 or M. These data demonstrate that chronic heat and cold stressors affect calves by altering both antibody- and cell-mediated immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Influence of modified protein diets on electrolyte, acid base, and divalent ion balance in dogs with experimentally induced chronic renal failure.

The influence of a maintenance diet (44.4% dry weight protein) and 2 reduced protein diets (8.2 and 17.2% dry weight protein) on acid-base, electrolyte, and divalent ion balance of dogs with experimentally induced chronic renal failure was studied for 40 weeks. Moderate-to-severe hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis developed in dogs fed the 8.2% protein diet, but not in the groups fed the 17.2% and 44.4% protein diets. Serum sodium and potassium concentrations were not altered significantly by the diets. Mean serum calcium concentrations increased significantly in the 3 groups after renal failure was induced; however, serum calcium concentration generally did not exceed the normal range. Dogs fed reduced protein diets had smaller serum magnesium and phosphorus concentrations than did the dogs fed the maintenance diet. Microscopic alterations in bone morphology consistent with canine renal osteodystrophy were not detected after 40 weeks of renal failure in dogs fed the 17.2% and 44.4% protein diets. Examination of skull radiographs of the dogs prepared 40 weeks after renal failure was induced revealed that the lamina dura dentes were visible in all groups. It was concluded that the 8.2% protein diet was of therapeutic benefit in management of altered divalent ion metabolism in dogs with chronic renal failure. However, the high frequency of concomitant acidosis indicated that appropriate alkalinization therapy should be included with this diet. Adverse effects of feeding the 17.2% protein diet were not detected. However, it was less effective than the 8.2% protein diet in minimizing development of hypermagnesemia and skeletal changes consistent with renal osteodystrophy.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1982

Aqueous vasopressin response test in clinically normal dogs undergoing water diuresis: technique and results.

Studies were undertaken to develop a standard procedure and to establish reference values for an aqueous vasopressin response test in dogs with normal renal function undergoing water diuresis. After IV administration of 5 mU of aqueous antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/0.45 kg of body weight of 13 water-loaded clinically normal dogs, the mean urine specific gravity increased from 1.002 +/- 0.001 to 1.021 +/- 0.0058; the mean urine osmolality increased form 99 +/- 52 mOsm/kg of water to 933 +/- 252 mOsm/kg. The PCV, total plasma protein concentrations, and serum osmolalities decreased in all dogs during water loading and ADH administration, but slowly returned toward base-line values after discontinuing the ADH infusion.

Animals↗