Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C A Osborne

Publications and source records attributed to C A Osborne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Catheter-assisted retrieval of urocystoliths from dogs and cats.

To facilitate medical dissolution of uroliths in dogs and cats, urinary catheters may be used to retrieve urocystoliths for quantitative mineral analysis. Following transurethral catheterization of the urinary bladder and distention of the bladder with physiologic saline solution, urine and saline solution are aspirated into a syringe while an assistant vigorously and repeatedly moves the abdomen up and down. Dispersion of small uroliths throughout fluid in the bladder lumen facilitates their aspiration into the catheter and syringe.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of chlorothiazide on urinary excretion of calcium in clinically normal dogs.

Administration of thiazide diuretics has been recommended to prevent calcium oxalate urolith development in dogs. To evaluate the effects of thiazide diuretics in dogs, 24-hour urine excretion of calcium was measured in 6 clinically normal Beagles after administration of chlorothiazide (CTZ) for 2 weeks, administration of CTZ for 10 weeks, and administration of calcium carbonate and CTZ for 2 weeks. Compared with baseline values, 24-hour urine calcium excretion did not decrease after CTZ administration. When CTZ was given at a high dosage (130 mg/kg of body weight), urinary calcium excretion was significantly (P < 0.04) higher than baseline values. Based on these observations, we do not recommend CTZ for treatment or prevention of canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Clinical evaluation of cats with lower urinary tract disease.

In a prospective study, 141 cats with hematuria, dysuria, urethral obstruction, or combinations of these signs were evaluated by contemporary diagnostic methods and compared with 26 clinically normal cats (controls). Specific diagnosis was established in 45% (64/141) of cats affected with lower urinary tract disease (LUTD). Crystalline matrix plug-induced urethral obstruction was diagnosed in 21% (30/141) of affected cats, uroliths were identified in 21% (30/141) of affected cats, uroliths with concomitant bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) were identified in less than 2% (2/141) of affected cats, and bacterial UTI alone was identified in less than 2% (2/141) of cats with LUTD. Viruses, mycoplasmas, and ureaplasmas were not isolated from urine samples collected from affected or control cats. Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4)-neutralizing antibodies were not detected in any serum sample obtained from cats with LUTD or from control cats. In contrast, BHV-4 antibodies were detected by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test in sera obtained from 31% (44/141) of cats with LUTD and 23% (6/26) of control cats. The prevalence of positive BHV-4 IFA test results in affected cats was not significantly different from that observed in control cats. Significant association was not apparent between positive BHV-4 IFA test results and clinical diagnosis, abnormal laboratory findings, or cat age. However, the number of male cats with BHV-4 IFA titer was significantly (P less than 0.02, chi 2 test) greater than that of female cats. Detection of BHV-4 antibodies in approximately 30% of affected and control cats indicates prior virus exposure. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the specific role of BHV-4 in cats with naturally acquired LUTD.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of modified protein diets in dogs and cats with chronic renal failure: current status.

Studies in rodents indicate that diet influences progression of renal failure. Excessive dietary intakes of protein, fat, energy and phosphorus have been implicated in promoting progression of renal failure, while restriction of some or all of these dietary constituents limits progressive renal injury. Studies confirm that renal failure is progressive in some dogs with moderate-to-advanced renal dysfunction. Recent studies also indicate that unrestricted intakes of protein promotes proteinuria in dogs and cats and glomerular injury in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Urine metabolite values in fed and nonfed clinically normal beagles.

Twenty-four-hour excretion of urine metabolites was determined in 33 clinically normal Beagles during periods of consumption of a standard diet and when food was withheld. The goal was to determine normal canine values for urine analytes incriminated in the genesis of calcium oxalate uroliths. During periods when dogs consumed food, dairy urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, and hydrogen ions were significantly (P = 0.0004, 0.0038, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.0004, 0.0001, and 0.024, respectively) higher than when food was withheld. Urinary excretion of phosphorus, oxalate, and citrate were not significantly different between samples obtained during periods of food consumption and when food was withheld. Male dogs excreted significantly higher quantities of urine oxalate than females during fed (P = 0.003) and nonfed (P = 0.003) conditions. When food was withheld, urinary uric acid excretion was significantly higher in males than females (P = 0.01). Females excreted significantly more urine calcium than males when food was withheld (P = 0.003). Our results indicated that dietary conditions influence the quantity of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and uric acid excreted in the urine of clinically normal dogs; therefore, dietary conditions should be considered when measuring the concentration of these analytes in urine.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of calcium oxalate uroliths in miniature schnauzers.

Epidemiologic data were evaluated from all dogs admitted to the University of Minnesota, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UMVTH) between June 1981 and November 1989. Of 69,890 admissions, 2,077 were Miniature Schnauzers. Uroliths were retrieved from 63 of the 2,077 Miniature Schnauzers admitted. In 20 of the 63 urolith episodes, calcium oxalate was the predominant mineral identified. By comparison, calcium oxalate uroliths were identified in only 56 of the remaining 67,813 non-Miniature Schnauzer canine admissions. The odds that uroliths from Miniature Schnauzers were composed of calcium oxalate was 11.8 times greater than for other canine breeds evaluated at the UMVTH (95% confidence interval = 6.8 to 20.1). Data also were evaluated from files of uroliths retrieved from dogs and submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center for quantitative mineral analysis, between June 1981 and November 1989. Of 3,930 uroliths analyzed, 615 (15.6%) uroliths were obtained from Miniature Schnauzers. of the 615 uroliths, 175 (28.4%) were calcium oxalate. By comparison, only 550 (16.6%) of the remaining 3,315 from dogs of breeds other than Miniature Schnauzers were calcium oxalate. The odds that uroliths submitted for analysis were composed of calcium oxalate was 2 times greater for Miniature Schnauzers than for dogs of other breeds (95% confidence interval = 1.6 to 2.4). Calcium oxalate uroliths were retrieved more frequently in males than females. The risk for males developing calcium oxalate uroliths was greater than 3 times the risk for females in both groups of data evaluated. The mean age of all Miniature Schnauzers admitted to the UMVTH with calcium oxalate uroliths was 9 years. Calcium oxalate uroliths were not detected in Miniature Schnauzers younger than 1.7 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of urine and serum metabolites in miniature schnauzers with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

To evaluate underlying causes of calcium oxalate urolithiasis, 24-hour excretion of urine metabolites was measured in 6 Miniature Schnauzers that formed calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths during periods when they were fed a standard diet and during periods when food was withheld. Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D also were evaluated. Serum calcium concentrations were normal in all 6 affected Miniature Schnauzers; however, during diet consumption, mean 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was significantly (P = 0.025) higher than calcium excretion when food was withheld. In 1 dog, urinary calcium excretion was lower during the period of food consumption, compared with the period when food was withheld. Compared with clinically normal Beagles, Miniature Schnauzers that formed CaOx uroliths excreted significantly greater quantities of calcium when food was consumed (P = 0.0004) and when food was withheld (P = 0.001). Miniature Schnauzers that formed CaOx uroliths excreted significantly less oxalate than clinically normal Beagles during fed (P = 0.028) and nonfed (P = 0.004) conditions. Affected Miniature Schnauzers also excreted abnormally high quantities of uric acid. Excretion of citrate was not different between Miniature Schnauzers with CaOx urolithiasis and clinically normal Beagles. In 5 of 6 Miniature Schnauzers with CaOx urolithiasis, concentrations of serum parathyroid hormone were similar to values from age- and gender-matched Miniature Schnauzers without uroliths. The concentration of serum parathyroid hormone in 1 dog was greater than 4 times the mean concentration of clinically normal Miniature Schnauzers. Mean serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in Miniature Schnauzers with calcium oxalate urolithiasis were similar to concentrations of clinically normal Miniature Schnauzers.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of fractional excretion and 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium in clinically normal cats and cats with induced chronic renal failure.

The influence of induced chronic renal failure on 24-hour urinary excretion and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium was studied in cats. Induction of chronic renal failure significantly increased fractional excretion of potassium (P less than 0.0001) and sodium (P less than 0.05); however, 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium decreased slightly following induction of chronic renal failure. Fractional excretion and 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium were compared by linear regression in clinically normal cats, cats with chronic renal failure, and clinically normal and affected cats combined. In clinically normal cats, linear regression revealed only moderate correlation between fractional excretion and 24-hour urinary excretion for sodium and potassium. Linear regression of these same relationships in cats with chronic renal failure, and in clinically normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure combined, indicated low correlation. Fractional excretions of sodium and potassium were not reliable indicators of 24-hour urinary excretion of these electrolytes in cats with chronic renal failure or unknown glomerular filtration rate. Fractional excretion of potassium and sodium correlated only moderately with 24-hour urinary excretion in clinically normal cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Medical dissolution and prevention of canine and feline uroliths: diagnostic and therapeutic caveats.

Medical protocols designed to promote the dissolution of canine and feline struvite uroliths, the dissolution of canine ammonium urate and cystine uroliths and the prevention of all major types of canine and feline uroliths have been developed. However, because the causes of different types of uroliths vary, the medical protocols for their dissolution and prevention also vary. When the diagnosis of the underlying causes of uroliths becomes the rule rather than the exception, therapeutic failures should become the exception rather than the rule.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Medical dissolution of feline struvite urocystoliths.

The efficacy of a diet designed to facilitate dissolution of feline magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) uroliths was evaluated in 30 cases of urolithiasis, sterile struvite uroliths dissolved in a mean of 36 days after initiation of dietary treatment. In 5 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-negative bacterial urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 23 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. In 3 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 79 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. Dissolution of uroliths in cats fed the treatment diet was associated with concomitant remission of dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria, and reduction in urine pH and struvite crystalluria. In one case, a urocystolith composed of 100% ammonium urate, and in another case, a urolith composed of 60% calcium phosphate, 20% calcium oxalate, and 20% magnesium ammonium phosphate did not dissolve.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1990

Clinicopathologic analysis of herpesvirus-induced urinary tract infection in specific-pathogen-free cats given methylprednisolone.

The clinicopathologic manifestations of bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4; FCAHV strain)-induced infection of the lower portion of the urinary tract were characterized in 12 adult neutered male and 6 female specific-pathogen-free cats, and were compared with those in 12 neutered male control cats. Six neutered male and 6 female cats were given immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate prior to inoculation of their urinary bladders with BHV-4. Six neutered male control cats were given immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate prior to inoculation of their urinary bladders with uninfected tissue culture control inoculum. Six additional neutered male control cats were exposed only to uninfected tissue culture control inoculum. All cats were observed for 90 days following inoculation. Dysuria and gross hematuria were observed in only 1 BHV-4-exposed cat. Radiographic abnormalities of the lower portion of the urinary tract were not observed. Microscopic hematuria, crystalluria, and lipiduria were identified with similar frequency in BHV-4-exposed and control cats. Results of urine culturing for bacteria, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and viruses were negative. Viruses were not isolated from blood leukocytes collected from exposed or control cats. Three to 6 weeks after inoculation, high concentrations of BHV-4 serum antibodies were detected in all exposed cats by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Light microscopic examination of the urinary tract revealed multifocal lymphoid cystitis in 2 BHV-4-exposed cats. Except for suppurative bronchitis in 1 BHV-4-exposed cat given glucocorticoids, morphologic differences in urinary and extraurinary tissues were not observed. In urinary bladder tissue collected 90 days after inoculation, BHV-4 was reisolated from urinary bladder explants of all but 1 exposed cat. Virus was also isolated from a kidney explant of 1 exposed male cat, and spleen cell co-cultures of 1 exposed female cat given glucocorticoids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clinicopathologic and pathologic findings of herpesvirus-induced urinary tract infection in conventionally reared cats.

Clinicopathologic manifestations of induced infection of the feline lower urinary tract with bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4, strain FCAHV) were characterized in 6 conventionally reared adult cats (2 sexually intact males, 2 castrated males, and 2 females). Two additional control cats were exposed with noninfected cell culture control inoculum. Clinical and radiographic signs of lower urinary tract disease were not observed in exposed or control cats. Microscopic hematuria was detected in urine samples collected by cystocentesis from 4 to 6 exposed cats and 1 of 2 control cats. Results of culture of urine for bacteria, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, and viruses were consistently negative. Low titer of serum BHV-4 (strain FCAHV)-neutralizing antibodies was detected in 4 of 6 exposed cats, but not in controls. Gross abnormalities of the urinary tract were not observed in any cat. Light microscopic examination of serial sections of the lower urinary tract revealed mild focal lymphoid cystitis in 2 of 6 exposed cats, one of which also had increased amounts of connective tissue and proliferation of blood vessels in the urinary bladder lamina propria. Ninety days after initial exposure, BHV-4 (strain FCAHV) was reisolated from explanted urinary bladder tissues of 5 of 6 exposed cats. Virus was not isolated from tissues of control cats. It was concluded that BHV-4 (strain FCAHV) establishes persistent urinary tract infection in conventionally reared adult male and female cats. However, persistent BHV-4 infection in cats may remain clinically inapparent.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dietary management of canine and feline chronic renal failure.

Nutritional therapy is the mainstay of management of chronic renal failure in dogs and cats. Diets designed for use in renal failure are typically reduced in protein, phosphorus, and sodium content. These and other dietary modifications are designed to prevent or ameliorate clinical signs of uremia, minimize disturbances associated with excesses or losses of electrolytes and minerals, arrest or retard progression of renal failure, and maintain adequate nutrition.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗