Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C A Massie

Publications and source records attributed to C A Massie.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effects of humidification on nasal symptoms and compliance in sleep apnea patients using continuous positive airway pressure.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of humidification on nasal symptoms and compliance in sleep apnea patients using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). DESIGN: A randomized, crossover design was employed. SETTING: The study was conducted at two suburban community-based hospital sleep laboratories. PATIENTS: Data were collected on 38 obstructive sleep apnea patients (mean age, 44.1 years) in whom CPAP was a novel treatment. INTERVENTIONS: The interventions were heated humidity, cold passover humidity, and a washout period without humidity. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Patients were titrated with heated humidity or cold passover humidity in the laboratory and subsequently initiated on humidity. Objective compliance, self-report of factors affecting CPAP use, satisfaction with CPAP, feeling upon awakening, and daytime sleepiness were assessed at the completion of each 3-week treatment period and a 2-week washout period. Outcome measures were assessed with one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe post hoc comparisons. Significant main effects were observed for compliance (F2,37 = 5.2; p = 0.008), satisfaction with CPAP (F2,37 = 4.5; p = 0.01), and feeling refreshed on awakening (F2,37 = 4.4; p = 0.02). A significant decrease in daytime sleepiness was observed between baseline and each of the conditions (F3,37 = 55.5; p<0.0001), but Epworth sleepiness scale scores did not differ between conditions (all p values >0.56). CPAP use with heated humidity (5.52+/-2.1 h/night) was greater than CPAP use without humidity (4.93+/-2.2 h/night; p = 0.008). Compliance differences were not observed between CPAP use with cold passover humidity and CPAP use without humidity. Patients were more satisfied with CPAP when it was used with heated or cold passover humidity (p< or =0.05). However, only heated humidity resulted in feeling more refreshed on awakening (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed among the three groups on the global adverse side effect score (F2,37 = 2.5; p = 0.09). Specific side effects such as dry mouth or throat and dry nose were reported less frequently when CPAP was used with heated humidity compared to CPAP use without humidity (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with CPAP is enhanced when heated humidification is employed. This is likely due to a reduction in side effects associated with upper airway symptoms and a more refreshed feeling upon awakening. Compliance gains may be realized sooner if patients are started with heated humidity at CPAP initiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Differential effects of neuroleptic drugs on the delayed matching-to-sample performance of pigeons.

The effects of clozapine, thiothixene, sulpiride, chlorpromazine and loxapine were examined in pigeons responding under a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure using 0-, 2- and 8-sec delay intervals. Chlorpromazine (3-100 mg/kg), thiothixene (0.03-1.7 mg/kg), clozapine (0.1-5.6 mg/kg) and loxapine (0.1-10 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in the percent of correct responses (accuracy). With the exception of chlorpromazine, the relative magnitude of the accuracy-decreasing effects were unrelated to the length of the delay interval and the nondrug levels of accuracy. In contrast to these accuracy-decreasing effects, sulpiride (3-300 mg/kg) failed to decrease accuracy across the range of doses evaluated. Chlorpromazine, loxapine and clozapine increased response rates at low doses and then decreased response rates as the dose was increased. Thiothixene and sulpiride only decreased response rates in a dose-dependent fashion. The order of potency for the rate-suppressing effects of these drugs was thiothixene greater than clozapine = loxapine greater than chlorpromazine greater than sulpiride. The results of the present investigation suggest that, despite similar dopamine antagonist properties, neuroleptics produce qualitatively different effects in pigeons responding under DMTS procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antagonism of the analgesic effects of mu and kappa opioid agonists in the squirrel monkey.

The effects of several mu and kappa opioid agonists were examined alone and in combination with the opioid antagonist quadazocine in squirrel monkeys responding under a schedule of shock titration. Under this procedure, shock was scheduled to increase once every 15 sec from 0.01 to 2.0 mA in 30 steps. Five responses on a lever during the 15-sec shock period terminated the shock for 15 sec, after which the shock resumed at the next lower intensity. The intensity below which the monkeys maintained the shock 50% of the time (median shock level) and the rate of responding in the presence of shock were determined under control conditions and after administration of the mu agonists, l-methadone and fentanyl and the kappa agonists, bremazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, ketocyclazocine and U50,488. When examined alone, intermediate doses of mu and kappa agonists increased median shock level. At the highest doses of these compounds responding was eliminated and shock rose to its peak intensity. When the mu and kappa agonists were examined in combination with quadazocine, dose-effect curves for median shock level and for rate of responding were shifted to the right in a dose-dependent fashion. A comparison of the pA2 values for quadazocine on median shock level and on rate of responding revealed similar values for the two measures; however, pA2 values differed depending on the agonist examined. That is, the pA2 values for quadazocine in combination with l-methadone and fentanyl on median shock level were 7.43 and 7.61, respectively; whereas the pA2 value for quadazocine in combination with bremazocine and U50,488 were 6.53 and 6.43, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in pigeons.

The effects of several opioid agonists and antagonists were examined in pigeons performing under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. The mu agonists morphine and l-methadone, the kappa agonists U 50,488 and ethylketocyclazocine, and the opioid antagonist naloxone had no effect on the accuracy of responding. These drugs were, however, behaviorally active as evidenced by the dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding associated with their administration. In contrast, the sigma agonists (+) N-allylnormetazocine and phencyclidine decreased the accuracy of responding in a dose-dependent fashion. The relative magnitude of these drug-induced decreases in accuracy were similar across the no delay (0-s), short (2-s), and long (8-s) delay intervals. For these drugs, accuracy-decreasing effects were obtained only at doses that reduced rates of responding. The results of the present investigation parallel those reported in pigeons responding under drug discrimination tasks, in which the discriminative stimulus properties produced by the mu and kappa agonists are similar to each other but distinguishable from those produced by the sigma agonists.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗