Biomedical subjects
C A Kelly
Publications and source records attributed to C A Kelly.
Bronchodilator responses to nebulised ipratropium and salbutamol singly and in combination in chronic bronchitis.
A placebo controlled study compared the magnitude and duration of bronchodilatation produced by nebulised salbutamol (5 mg) and ipratropium (0.5 mg) singly and in combination in twenty patients with chronic bronchitis (mean baseline FEV1 was 33% predicted). The onset of action, of both nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium given singly, occurred within 15 min. Both agents produced a similar degree of bronchodilatation. In combination both the magnitude and duration of the bronchodilatation produced was significantly greater than with either agent alone.
Assessment of the clinical usefulness of nebulised ipratropium bromide in patients with chronic airflow limitation.
The effect of adding nebulised ipratropium bromide to bronchodilator treatment was studied in 20 patients with severe chronic airflow limitation. Maintenance theophylline with or without a steroid preparation was continued and comparison made between placebo, nebulised salbutamol, and a combination of nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium. Although the mean FEV1 values showed the combination to produce a small but significant increase in peak bronchodilatation over the effect of salbutamol alone, there were eight patients in whom no clinically useful improvement occurred. The remaining 12 patients did obtain clinically useful improvement in the magnitude or the duration of bronchodilatation (or both) as a result of the added ipratropium. The conclusion is that individual patients with chronic airflow limitation responded to the addition of nebulised ipratropium bromide in a variable way. Patients who could obtain additional benefit from ipratropium need to be identified by an appropriate reversibility study before its inclusion in their bronchodilator treatment.
Comparison of salbutamol powder with terbutaline aerosol administered with a tube spacer in asthmatic children.
The bronchodilator effect of 400 micrograms of salbutamol powder (2 capsules) administered by a rota-haler was compared with that of 500 micrograms of terbutaline (2 metered doses) administered as an aerosol via a tube-spacer in a group of ten stable asthmatic children (mean age 12 years). The salbutamol powder produced significantly greater bronchodilatation compared with the terbutaline. Forty-five minutes after the administration of each preparation, nebulised salbutamol was given to determine if further bronchodilatation was possible. Additional bronchodilatation was seen in both groups, the greater additional change being after terbutaline. It is concluded that 400 micrograms of salbutamol powder was more effective than 500 micrograms of terbutaline via tube-spacer but following both preparations, nebulised salbutamol produced significant additional bronchodilatation.
The effect of spray washing on the development of bacterial numbers and storage life of lamb carcases.
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The effect of temperature, pressure and chlorine concentration of spray washing water on numbers of bacteria on lamb carcases.
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Home monitoring and self-management of diabetes in a rural population.
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Comparison of in situ and in vitro rates of methane release in freshwater sediments.
Anaerobic lake sediment incubated in vitro was investigated for its ability to mimic natural in situ sediment activities, using rate of methane production for the comparison. Two lakes with different rates and seasonal patterns of methanogenic activity were compared. There was good agreement (at the 97.5% confidence level) between rates of in situ methane release and initial (lasting an average of 120 h) rates of production measured in vitro in surface (0- to 3-cm) sediment. Evidence from this study, and others, indicated that it is the in situ surface sediment methane production which is primarily responsible for maintaining in situ methane release, and thus the above agreement was what was expected if surface in situ activity was maintained in vitro. When deeper sediment was investigated, however, the sum of in vitro rates from 0 to 20 cm (measured in 1.5- to 3-cm intervals) was much higher than in situ release rates and would have resulted in an impossibly high volume of gas. The extra gas could not have been stored within the sediments. We conclude that the in situ methanogenic activity of the 0- to 3-cm anaerobic surface sediments could be preserved during removal and laboratory incubation. However, similar treatment of deeper sediment appeared to stimulate methanogenic activity.
Letter: The bloomin's blossoms have to bloom to be of any value.
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Phonological substitution processes of a hard-of-hearing child.
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Determination of the decomposition of aspirin.
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Mechanism of action of chymotrypsin on plain muscle.
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Citrate for regional anticoagulation. Effects on blood PO2, ammonia, and aluminum.
Infusion of citrate into the arterial line, followed by infusion of calcium into the venous line, has been used for regional anticoagulation during hemodialysis of patients with bleeding diatheses or heparin-induced antiplatelet antibodies. These patients are often hospitalized in intensive care units where the use of a sorbent regeneration dialysis system is convenient. In this study, the use of regional citrate anticoagulation during dialysis with a cuprophan dialyzer on a REDY dialysis machine was investigated in eight patients. The white blood cell count, arterial PO2, arterial and venous ammonia, and arterial, venous and dialysate aluminum were measured. Similar studies were carried out on four other patients undergoing dialysis with standard systemic heparin anticoagulation and cellulose acetate dialyzers. The white blood cell count was observed to decline moderately, reaching a nadir of 83.2% of control at 15 minutes. The PO2 was unchanged or increased. However, blood ammonia rose in four of five patients, with the venous value always exceeding the arterial value. In two patients, aluminum levels in blood increased as well, and in one patient, a marked increase was observed in dialysate, and venous and arterial blood, with the concentrations being highest in the dialysate. No such changes were observed in the patients anticoagulated with heparin. It was concluded that although citrate is a useful agent for regional anticoagulation, it should not be used in sorbent regeneration systems.