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Biomedical subjects

C A Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C A Jones.

233 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The enhancement of adenyl cyclase by steroid therapy in shock.

Hepatic and intestinal adenyl cyclase activity were measured after a single pulse injection of epinephrine or glucagon into normal dogs and into dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock. The results indicated that hemorrhagic shock abolishes the increase in adenyl cyclase activity seen in normal animals following epinephrine and significantly reduces that induced by glucagon. These changes are reflected in the glucose production from the liver induced by these hormones. The response of adenyl cyclase to the in vitro addition of epinephrine or glucagon, as well as the nonspecific stimulator of adenyl cyclase, sodium fluoride, showed that it is the receptor site of the enzyme which is affected primarily by shock. The treatment of dogs with 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone following the reinfusion of shed blood significantly improved the response of adneyl cyclase to epinephrine in both liver and intestine, and this improvement was reflected in the glucose production by the liver in response to the hormone.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1976

Racial difference in incidence of ABO hemolytic disease.

In this review of 7,464 consecutive infants born at North Carolina Memorial Hospital, hemolytic disease from ABO incompatibility was found to be two to three times as common in black infants as in white infants. The statistical significance of the difference remained high as more restrictive criteria for ABO hemolytic disease were applied. ABO disease, serious enough to cause an indirect serum bilirubin of 15 mg/100ml or higher, had an incidence in black newborns as great as the incidence of Rh hemolytic disease in whites. In contrast, the general prevalence and severity of hyperbilirubinemia was not found to be higher in black newborns than in white infants. The difference cannot be attributed to differences in the prevalence of ABO blood groups between the two races. Policies of early discharge of newborns could be affected by the finding that ABO erythroblastosis is two to three times as common in black infants as in white infants.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

The metabolism of biphenyl by isolated viable rat hepatocytes.

1. The metabolism of biphenyl by isolated viable rat hepatocytes has been studied and a tentative scheme of metabolism proposed which involves initial hydroxylation at the 2- and 4-positions followed by conjugation and/or further hydroxylation of these primary metabolites. 2. Biphenyl was toxic to viable hepatocytes when used at a concentration approaching that used in conventional microsomal assay systems. 3. The production of small amounts of 4-hydroxybiphenyl appears to activate its subsequent conjugation. 4. The data presented in this paper integrate previous results obtained with cell fractions, and demonstrates the importance of the isolated, viable hepatocyte system as a model for total drug metabolism.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Production of isoprene by leaf tissue.

Isoprene production by Hamamelis virginiana L. and Quercus borealis Michx. leaves was studied. When ambient CO(2) concentrations were maintained with bicarbonate buffers, the rate of isoprene production at 125 microliters per liter of CO(2) was approximately four times that at 250 microliters per liter of CO(2). Isoprene production was drastically inhibited by 97% O(2). Dichlorodimethylphenylurea (0.1 mm), NaHSO(3) (10 mm), and alpha-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanesulfonic acid (10 mm) inhibited isoprene production but increased the compensation point of the tissue. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide neither inhibited isoprene emission nor increased the compensation point of the tissue significantly. Inhibition of isoprene production does not seem to correlate with stomatal resistance. Isoprene was labeled by intermediates of the glycolate pathway, and similarities are noted between the biosynthesis of isoprene and that of beta-carotene.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hospitalizations for bacterial septicemia after renal transplantation in the united states.

BACKGROUND: It is common belief in the transplant community that rates of septicemia in transplant recipients have declined, but this has not been studied in a national population. METHODS: Therefore, 33,479 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System from July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1997 were analyzed in a retrospective registry study of the incidence, associated factors, and mortality of hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of septicemia (ICD9 Code 038.x). RESULTS: Renal transplant recipients had an adjusted incidence ratio of hospitalizations for septicemia of 41.52 (95% CI 35.45-48.96) compared to the general population. Hospitalizations for septicemia were most commonly associated with urinary tract infection as a secondary diagnosis (30.6%). In multivariate analysis, diabetes and urologic disease, female gender, delayed graft function, rejection, and pre-transplant dialysis, but not induction antibody therapy, were associated with hospitalizations for septicemia. Recipients hospitalized for septicemia had a mean patient survival of 9.03 years (95% CI 7.42-10.63) compared to 15.73 years (95% CI 14.77-16.69) for all other recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the modern era, renal transplant recipients remain at high risk for hospitalizations for septicemia, which are associated with substantially decreased patient survival. Newly identified risks in this population were female recipients and pre-transplant dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hospitalizations for bacterial endocarditis after renal transplantation in the United States.

PURPOSE: The national rate of and risk factors for bacterial endocarditis in renal transplant recipients has not been reported. METHODS: Retrospective registry study of 33,479 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) between 1 July 1994 and 30 June 1997. Hospitalizations for a primary diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis (ICD-9 codes 421.x) within three years after renal transplant were assessed. RESULTS: Renal transplant recipients had an unadjusted incidence ratio for endocarditis of 7.84 (95% confidence interval 4.72-13.25) in 1996. In multivariate analysis, a history of hospitalization for valvular heart disease (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 25.81, 95% confidence interval 11.28-59.07), graft loss (AOR, 2.81, 95% CI 1.34-5.09), and increased duration of dialysis prior to transplantation were independently associated with hospitalizations for bacterial endocarditis after transplantation. Hospitalization for endocarditis was associated with increased patient mortality in Cox Regression analysis, hazard ratio 4.79, 95% CI 2.97-6.76. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of bacterial endocarditis was much greater in renal transplant recipients than in the general population, although it is still relatively infrequent. Independent risk factors for bacterial endocarditis in the renal transplant recipients were identified, the most significant of which was valvular heart disease. Endocarditis substantially impacts renal transplant recipient survival.

Adolescent↗