Biomedical subjects

C A Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to C A Hoffman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Ethical issues in the use of zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV.

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Ethics, Medical↗

PubMed1989

Mild hypertension in the elderly. A comparison of prazosin and enalapril.

In a single-blind, crossover study, prazosin and enalapril monotherapies were evaluated in 15 patients, aged 55 years or older (average age, 64 years), with mild hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 104 mm Hg). After eight weeks of placebo administration, patients were randomly assigned to treatment with prazosin or enalapril and then treated with the alternate drug after a second eight-week placebo washout period. The dose was titrated from 1 mg to a maximum of 10 mg twice daily of prazosin and from 2.5 mg to a maximum of 20 mg twice daily of enalapril to achieve a reduction in diastolic blood pressure to less than 85 mm Hg, with a decrease of at least 10 mm Hg based on clinical measurements of blood pressure. Patients received maintenance therapy with each medication for at least eight weeks. The response to therapy was then evaluated with two-hour periods of automated blood pressure monitoring. Average systolic and diastolic blood pressures for all patients during these two-hour monitoring periods decreased by 10.3 +/- 1.9/8.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg during prazosin therapy and by 9.0 +/- 5.1/5.8 +/- 3.4 mm Hg during enalapril therapy. All patients responded to one of the two drugs, but only 50 percent responded to both. Side effects were generally mild and transient, and no significant metabolic effects were observed. Both prazosin and enalapril were effective and well tolerated in this population of elderly patients with mild hypertension.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Correlates of cardiac structure and function in normotensive adolescents.

To evaluate body weight as a determinant of cardiac structure and function in adolescents, 47 normotensive 13-year-old subjects were studied with M-mode echo duplex Doppler echocardiography (DE). They were separated by body weight into standard (greater than 55 kg) and lighter (less than 55 kg) groups. No subject had a blood pressure greater than 140/90. The differences between the groups in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, LV mass, left atrial size (LA), and peak aortic flow velocity (PAoV) were measured. (Formula: see text). Body weight strongly correlated with SBP in the entire study group (r = 0.66, P less than 0.001) but slightly less strongly with DBP (r = 0.48, P less than 0.001). Left ventricular filling indices such as peak early diastolic flow velocity, early diastolic filling integral, peak atrial flow velocity, and atrial filling integral were not significantly different between the groups. No significant differences in blood pressure, LV mass, LA size, or peak aortic flow velocity could be demonstrated when the subjects were subdivided on the basis of gender or presence or absence of family history of hypertension. Body weight appeared to be not only a strong predictor of blood pressure but also of cardiac structural and functional characteristics in adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981