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Biomedical subjects

C A Helms

Publications and source records attributed to C A Helms.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Musculoskeletal applications of nuclear magnetic resonance.

Thirty healthy subjects and 15 patients with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders were examined by conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR proved capable of demonstrating important anatomic structures in the region of the lumbosacral spine. Lumbar disk protrusion was demonstrated in three patients with CT evidence of the disease. NMR appeared to differentiate annulus fibrosus from nucleus pulposus in intervertebral disk material. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was demonstrated in two patients. The cruciate ligaments of the knee were well defined by NMR. Muscles, tendons and ligaments, and blood vessels could be reliably differentiated, and the excellent soft-tissue contrast of NMR proved useful in the evaluation of bony and soft-tissue tumors. NMR holds promise in the evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Recognition of lumbar disk herniation with NMR.

Fifteen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of 14 patients with herniated lumbar intervertebral disks were performed on the UCSF NMR imager. Computed tomographic (CT) scans done on a GE CT/T 8800 or comparable scanner were available at the time of NMR scan interpretation. Of the 16 posterior disk ruptures seen at CT, 12 were recognized on NMR. Diminished nucleus pulposus signal intensity was present in all ruptured disks. In one patient, NMR scans before and after chymopapain injection showed retraction of the protruding part of the disk and loss of signal intensity after chemonucleolysis. Postoperative fibrosis demonstrated by CT in one patient and at surgery in another showed intermediate to high signal intensity on NMR, easily distinguishing it from nearby thecal sac and disk. While CT remains the method of choice for evaluation of the patient with suspected lumbar disk rupture, the results of this study suggest that NMR may play a role in evaluating this common clinical problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Spinal stenosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the meniscus of the temporomandibular joint: preliminary observations.

Anterior displacement of the meniscus of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was diagnosed in nine patients who had undergone arthrography, and they were later examined with computed tomography (CT) to see if this modality could supplant arthrography in some patients with TMJ dysfunction. The anteriorly displaced menisci were visualized in all nine patients by using sagittal reformations and the blink mode. Four of the nine patients had the diagnosis confirmed at surgery. The precise protocol for the CT examination and how to interpret it are discussed. We are optimistic that CT may replace TMJ arthrography in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Arthrotomography of the temporomandibular joint.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction may cause facial or aural pain. Conventional roentgenograms are useful to define bony pathologic conditions. However, TMJ arthrotomography may disclose joint meniscus abnormalities in two thirds of patients with persistent dysfunction despite normal roentgenograms.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1981

New observations with routine and CT-assisted arthrography in suspected internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint.

A simplified arthrotomographic technique has been performed successfully in more than 200 patients with symptoms referable to the temporomandibular joint. Soft-tissue abnormalities not detected by plain film radiography were demonstrated. Anterior meniscus displacement was the most significant finding in patients with unilateral pain and limitation of opening. New arthrographic observations and research imaging methods, including CT-assisted arthrography, are described. Leakage of contrast material along the lateral condylar neck in patients with anterior meniscus displacement suggests associated tearing of the lateral capsular attachment. Our results confirm that arthrography is a useful diagnostic procedure for suspected internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1981

Detection of bone-marrow metastases using quantitative computed tomography.

A method is described for using quantitative computed tomography (CT) to detect subtle skeletal metastases not readily identified or precisely located by conventional methods. Four patients with intramedullary metastases are presented along with data from 13 control subjects. The results indicate that CT may demonstrate intramedullary changes that occur in skeletal metastases and that cannot be detected by other techniques. A difference in medullary CT number greater than 20 HU between limbs is abnormal. This asymmetry, however, is not specific for metastatic disease, and clinical judgment must be exercised in interpreting this finding.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Segmental reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.

The classical findings of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome (RSDS), OR Sudeck's atrophy, include pain, swelling, limitation of motion, and patchy demineralization, all of which usually affect an entire extremity. This report presents two cases of RSDS which involve only a portion of an extremity--the fourth and fifth fingers. It is concluded that this segmental distribution is best explained by neural pathway transmission.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Arthrotomographic diagnosis of meniscus perforations in the temporomandibular joint.

A method of diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) meniscus perforation is described along with the clinical incidence and significance. Meniscus perforations are believed to accelerate degenerative disease of the TMJ. Perforations were diagnosed in 12% of the patient series by arthrography. Arthrography of the TMJ offers an important diagnostic method relevant to current diagnosis and treatment of joint pain and dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Arthrotomography of the temporomandibular joint.

A series of 104 arthrotomographic examinations of the temporomandibular joint in 89 patients is described. Those patients with symptoms referable to the temporomandibular joint and not responsive to conservative methods of therapy were selected. The mean patient age was 29 years with a 3:1 female to male ratio. Operative confirmation of arthrotomographic findings was obtained in 40 joints. The arthrotomogram was consistently reliable in predicting the type of internal joint derangement. Anterior meniscus displacement without reduction, anterior meniscus displacement with reduction, and perforation of the posterior attachment of the meniscus were the most significant abnormalities encountered. Jaw locking was definitely associated with meniscus displacement without reduction and meniscus displacement with reduction. The most important pathophysiologic mechanism explaining the arthrotomographic findings seems to be incompetence of the posterior attachment of the meniscus with anterior displacement. Arthrotomography of the temporomandibular joint is a clinically valuable diagnostic test.

Adult↗