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Biomedical subjects

C A Graham

Publications and source records attributed to C A Graham.

121 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The effects of long-term therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents on the oral glucose tolerance test dynamics in male chemical diabetics.

The effect of fixed doses of oral hypoglycemic agents and placebo (diet alone) on the blood glucose, serum insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol responses during oral glucose tolerance tests done annually for up to four years' follow-up was studied, in a double-blind manner, in five groups of mild male chemical diabetics. The drugs used were chlorpropamide (100 mg. O.D.), tolbutamide (500 mg. b.i.d.), phenformin (50 mg. O.D.), acetohexamide (250 mg. O.D.), and placebo. Each subject was given an individualized diet aimed at attaining and maintaining ideal weight. Comparison by chi-square analysis between the placebo group and each of the drug groups showed (a) no significant differences with regard to the number of subjects with normal glucose tolerance in each of the tests and (b) no change in the insulin secretion dynamics. Comparison between the initial test and each of the subsequent tests within each group showed (a) a greater number of subjects with normal glucose tolerance in the first follow-up test in the chlorpropamide group only, (b) no change in the insulin secretion dynamics except in the chlorpropamide group, where there was an increased insulin/glucose ratio in the first follow-up test, and (c) no change in the fasting serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels.

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1976

Big renin and biosynthetic defect of aldosterone in diabetes mellitus.

To determine the cause of selective aldosterone deficiency in two patients with diabetes mellitus, studies of renin and of aldosterone-precursor metabolites were performed under conditions of sodium depletion and ACTH stimulation. Plasma renin concentration was elevated in both patients, and stimulated plasma renin activity was low in one and normal in the other. Fractionation of plasma extracts demonstrated the presence of "big renin," a relatively inactive precursor of renin. Metabolites of aldosterone precursors were increased, suggesting deficient 18-hydroxylase in one patient and dehydrogenase in the other. The results suggest that hypoaldosteronism in diabetic patients may result from combined defects in both renin and aldosterone biosynthesis.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS and the adolescent.

Recent findings on young people's response to HIV/AIDS and its perceived relevance to their sexual lives are reviewed. Research into adolescent sexual behaviour suggests a trend, over the last 2 decades, for an earlier age of first intercourse and a greater number of recent and lifetime sexual partners. Older cohorts of adolescents and those with either multiple partners or more 'steady' partners have been found to have lower rates of condom use. Data on the prevalence of specific sexual activities such as anal intercourse, while sparse, suggests a considerable number of young people engaging in behaviours carrying some risk of HIV infection. It is clear that sex education programmes which simply advocate 'safer sex' practices without addressing the interpersonal skills and emotional implications of negotiating such practices, and which do not provide a positive view of sexual health, are failing to influence adolescent behaviour. Recent research has highlighted a number of issues that need addressing if sex education and HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns are to be effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Needle cricothyrotomy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resuscitation. 1: Basic life support.

Basic life support (BLS) is a method of sustaining vital functions in a person who has collapsed and is unconscious, frequently with a cardiac arrest but sometimes with respiratory arrest, choking or other cause. BLS is a vital link in the 'chain of survival' for these critically ill people.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resuscitation. II: Advanced cardiac life support.

Advanced cardiac life support is the definitive sequence of initial treatment for the victim of a cardiac arrest. Advanced cardiac life support forms a large part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which also includes basic life support and post-resuscitation intensive care.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resuscitation III: advanced trauma life support.

Trauma is the leading cause of death in people less than 40 years old (Central Statistics Office, 1994). Patients who have sustained major trauma will often have multiple injuries. The key to treating these patients is an organized and systematic method of examination and treatment to ensure that injuries are not missed and left untreated.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resuscitation. IV: Advanced paediatric life support.

Adults and children have cardiac arrests for very different reasons. The commonest reason for an adult cardiac arrest is a primary arrhythmia in association with ischaemic heart disease, i.e. ventricular fibrillation. Children have cardiac arrests because of respiratory failure, hypovolaemia (due to trauma and dehydration) and sepsis.

Airway Obstruction↗