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Biomedical subjects

C A Eddy

Publications and source records attributed to C A Eddy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Pregnancy rate in timed-mated, spontaneously cyclic rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta.

After detection of the preovulatory oestradiol-17 beta peak in blood, females were placed with a male and left undisturbed during mating (N = 28, 94 cycles) or were exposed to serial diagnostic laparoscopy (1-4 occasions) to monitor ovulation (N = 87, 224 cycles). A total of 86 pregnancies resulted from timed mating in the 318 menstrual cycles (27% rate). When periovulatory laparoscopy was performed, the pregnancy rate was 22.3%. In the absence of laparoscopy the pregnancy rate was 38.3% (P less than 0.003). These pregnancy rates are similar to those of women and show an adverse effect of laparoscopy on pregnancy rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Anatomy and pathology of tubal pregnancy.

The prevalence of tubal pregnancy has increased markedly during the past decade. The reasons for this are obscure. A systematic gross and histopathologic study of 25 consecutive ectopic pregnancies has been performed using a clearing method not used previously for this purpose. In addition, the presence of the corpus luteum and its location in reference to the tubal pregnancy are documented. Results indicate that trophoblastic spread was predominantly intraluminal in 67% of cases. Intratubal hemorrhage, generally in parallel to trophoblastic spread, often led to marked tubal destruction. Histologic evidence of salpingitis was noted in only seven of 24 specimens (29%). The corpus luteum was contralateral to the ectopic pregnancy in five of 21 cases (23.8%). Clinical correlates and areas of future research are discussed. Results indicate that segmental resection of the tubal pregnancy is appropriate in selected cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of lengthening the fallopian tube on fertility in the rabbit.

The effect of surgically lengthening the rabbit oviduct was investigated. In the study group, a lengthened fallopian tube was created by division of the left fallopian tube at the ampullary-isthmic junction and the right fallopian tube at the uterotubal junction. The proximal left tube and the entire right tube were mobilized to the midline, and a microsurgical anastomosis was performed with 10-0 nylon. This formed a tube that was lengthened by approximately 50%, with doubling of the isthmic region. In the control group, both tubes were divided at the ampullary-isthmic junction, and the proximal left and distal right segments were joined to form a tube of normal length. The left ovary and ampulla were resected in both groups. After the animal had been bred, a second laparotomy was performed to assess adhesion formation, document tubal patency, and establish a nidation index. The median nidation index of the control group (N = 11) was 0.89, whereas that of the lengthened group (N = 7) was 0. The nidation indices of the two groups were different, with P less than 0.01.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Healing and restoration of fertility following microsurgical transection and anastomosis of the rabbit oviduct.

The postoperative time course of healing following tubal microsurgery was examined in the rabbit by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and was correlated with changes in fertility. Groups of animals were bred or used for morphologic studies on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 after surgery. During the first 4 postoperative days, a major loss of ciliary and secretory activity occurred and was characterized by disruption of subcellular organelles. Tissue damage was restricted to within several millimeters of the anastomosis. Healing was well advanced by day 7 and was largely complete by day 14. Corresponding changes in fertility were observed. A significant decline in fertility was noted on the first postoperative day. Thereafter, fertility progressively improved and was normal by day 14.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fertility following fimbriectomy and tubo-ovarian microsurgery in the rabbit.

It is generally believed that tubal fimbriae function as a highly specialized and indispensable component of the ovum pickup mechanism. The present study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of creating a functional tubo-ovarian relationship following fimbriectomy. Fourteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent unilateral microsurgical fimbriectomy followed by creation of a distal ampullary flap which was oversewn to the exposed ovarian cortex. Two weeks after surgery, the animals were inseminated and induced to ovulate with an intravenous injection of 100 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin. Thirteen of fourteen uterine horns on the control side and ten of fourteen on the operated side became pregnant. The ratios of ova ovulated to those which implanted were 73.2% on the control side and 37.8% on the operated side. Morphologic studies revealed a normal complement of ciliated and secretory cells lining the endosalpinx of the juxtaposed ampullary flap. The portion of ovarian cortex covered by the flap similarly exhibited no morphologic abnormalities. These findings indicate that fertility can be maintained in the absence of fimbriae and suggest a surgical technique for restoration of fertility following elective sterilization by fimbriectomy or following pathologically induced destruction of the fimbriae.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of the postcastration rise of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by the administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibitory analog ([N-Ac-D-Trp1-3,D-p-Cl-phe2,D-Phe6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH).

Regularly cycling rhesus monkeys were bilaterally oophorectomized for study of postcastration rise of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The animals were divided in two groups, control animals, which received vehicle, and experimental animals, which received intramuscularly 1 mg of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) inhibitory analog ([N-Ac-D-Trp1-3,D-p-Cl-phe2,D-Phe6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH) from the day of castration for 10 days. The controls showed significant elevations of FSH and LH 3 to 4 days after castration, but in the experimental animals the rise in gonadotropins was blocked until the LHRH antagonist administration was discontinued. The dynamics of gonadotropin elevation after the discontinuation of [N-Ac-D-Trp1-3,D-p-Cl-phe2,D-Phe6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH administration were similar to those observed in control animals after castration. The availability of a compound that selectively inhibits FSH and LH secretion in primates opens a new approach to contraception and for the treatment of conditions in which gonadotropin inhibition is desired.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fertility and ovum transport after microsurgical removal of the uterotubal junction in rabbits.

The role of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) in fertility and ovum transport was investigated following unilateral microsurgical resection of the UTJ in 15 rabbits. Fourteen animals became pregnant on the UTJ resected side and 14 on the control side following artificial insemination and induction of ovulation. Fifty-two of 61 ova (85.2%) became implanted on the control side, and 56 of 68 ova (82.3%) became implanted on the resected side. Ten days after delivery, artificial insemination and induction of ovulation were repeated. Ovum transport was examined at 60, 66, and 72 hours. There was no significant difference in ovum transport between UTJ resected and control sides. The distribution of ova within the oviduct and the time of their entrance into the uterus was comparable in both sides. These results indicate that the UTJ is not necessary for normal fertility and ovum transport in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of hCG on prostaglandin synthesis and function of corpus luteum.

The effect of intramuscular injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on subsequent in vitro prostaglandin (PG) production by the corpus luteum was studied in the rhesus monkey. Four monkeys received increasing doses of hCG from days 6 to 10 after ovulation. On day 11, laparotomy and luteectomy were performed. Five untreated animals served as controls. The production of prostaglandins F (PGF) and E (PGE) by the corpus luteum of the animals treated wit hCG was significantly lower than that of the controls (P less than .01). After hCG treatment, the decrease in PGF production was greater than that of PGE, resulting in a lower ratio of PGF:PGE production than in the controls (P less than .01). Histologic evaluation of the corpora lutea revealed regressive changes in the control group, whereas signs of active secretion were observed in the hCG-treated group. Progesterone concentrations in peripheral blood of the hCG-treated group were approximately fourfold higher than in the controls, and the hCG-treated group did not have a postmidluteal phase decrease. These results suggest that the ratio of production of PGF to PGE by the corpus luteum of the rhesus monkey may play a role in the control of its lifespan and steroidogenic capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ovum transport in the rhesus monkey following postovulatory intravaginal 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha-methyl ester administration.

The effects of postovulatory intravaginal 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha-methyl ester (Me PGF2 alpha) on ovum transport was assessed in the spontaneously ovulatory rhesus monkey. A single suppository containing 3.0 mg of Me PGF2 alpha in lipid base was inserted intravaginally in adult female monkeys 14 to 36 hours following laparoscopically timed ovulation. The reproductive tract was flushed 2, 4, or 24 hours later to recover ova. Four of five ova were recovered at 2 hours, one of five at 4 hours, and none of five at 24 hours after insertion. All ova recovered were in the oviduct. Since ova are normally found in the oviduct until 72 hours after ovulation, these results are interpreted to indicate acceleration and expulsion of ova from the tract following exposure to intravaginal Me PGF2 alpha in excess of 4 hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pelvic adhesions following microsurgical and macrosurgical wedge resection of the ovaries.

The incidence of postoperative adhesion formation following microsurgical and macrosurgical ovarian wedge resection was contrasted in 10 adult female rhesus monkeys. Bilateral wedge resection was performed on day 10 of the luteal phase using microsurgical technique on one ovary and macrosurgical technique contralaterally. Animals were examined 4 weeks postoperatively. Adhesion formation occurred in only one ovary in which microsurgery had been employed (10%). In contrast, adhesion formation followed macroscopic ovarian wedge resection in five ovaries (50%). All adhesions were periovarian, emanating from the suture line on the ovarian surface. Adhesions were most common on the nonovulatory ovary.

Animals↗