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Biomedical subjects

C A Bowman

Publications and source records attributed to C A Bowman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Surgical therapy of the eyelids in patients with facial paralysis.

Patients with facial paralysis have a degree of lagophthalmos and paralytic ectropion. We present our experience in the surgical management of 25 consecutive patients treated for these problems. Paralytic lagophthalmos was corrected using gold weights inserted into the upper eyelid. The advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique are reviewed. Medial canthoplasty and lateral canthoplasty were performed to rectify paralytic ectropion. Ancillary procedures included browpexy, upper-lid blepharoplasty, and temporalis sling. The results were excellent in 23 of 25 patients and good in the remaining two. After a minimum of 6 months' follow-up, there were no complications. The authors believe that the above procedures will yield consistently excellent cosmetic and functional results in patients with paralysis of the eyelids.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Small fenestra stapedotomy using a fiberoptic hand-held argon laser in obliterative otosclerosis.

Obliterative otosclerosis has been a challenge since the advent of stapes surgery. "Drill-out" procedures have had a generally poorer prognosis than conventional stapes surgery because of excessive bleeding, acoustic trauma from the burr, and reclosure of the oval window by otosclerosis. In this report, we describe our early experience using a hand-held fiberoptic argon laser for small fenestra stapedotomy in 10 cases of obliterative otosclerosis. Closure of the air-bone gap to within 10 dB was seen in 100% of the patients. There was no significant sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, or facial weakness. Argon-laser stapedotomy using a hand-held fiberoptic system is a safe and effective alternative to drill-out stapedotomy in cases of obliterative otosclerosis.

Fenestration, Labyrinth↗
PubMed1989

An immunohistochemical study of the endolymphatic sac in patients with acoustic tumors.

Intraosseous endolymphatic sacs obtained from patients with acoustic neuromas who had undergone total labyrinthectomy during tumor removal were examined for the presence of T helper/inducer and T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunoperoxidase staining of cryostat sections revealed the presence of T helper/inducer lymphocytes, T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes, and macrophages. The number of B lymphocytes and plasma cells was much smaller than the number of T lymphocytes. The number of T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes was higher than the number of T helper/inducer lymphocytes. This study supports the notion of local immune responsiveness in the human inner ear. This is the first immunohistochemical study to analyze lymphocyte subpopulations; specifically, to provide insight into T-cell function in the endolymphatic sac.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1988

Bilateral adhesive capsulitis, oligoarthritis and proximal myopathy as presentation of hypothyroidism.

A patient who presented with bilateral adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, oligoarthropathy and rapidly progressive proximal myopathy is described. Although clinically euthyroid, autoimmune and biochemical hypothyroidism was the only predisposing factor found. Clinical deterioration after initiation of thyroxine replacement was followed by delayed improvement with reduction in initially elevated ESR and CRP.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1988

Prostitution in Sheffield: differences between prostitutes.

This study to assess differences between street walking prostitutes and sauna girls who attended this clinic in 1986 and 1987 showed that fewer street walkers used barrier methods for disease prevention with clients or accepted tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when offered and more street walkers practised their profession in both Sheffield and London. They therefore represent a potential pathway for the heterosexual spread of HIV to the region. Trichomonas vaginalis was the only organism more commonly isolated from street walkers. Other sexually transmitted diseases diagnosed, and the sources of acquisition of gonococcal cervicitis, were similar in both groups of prostitutes. Prostitutes rarely used barrier methods with their regular consorts, who were found to be responsible for most cases of gonorrhoea in both groups. As 11 out of 58 prostitutes attending were found to have dysplasia on routine cervical cytological examination, we suggest that all prostitutes be advised to undergo cytology yearly.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1987

Human leukocytic antigens in autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss.

Susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases is associated with inheritance of certain Human Leukocytic Antigens (HLA), determinants which have become diagnostic or prognostic markers. In this study of HLA antigen frequencies among patients with autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, 39 patients with this otologic disorder were typed for HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. A significant increase of Cw7 occurred in 51% of patients compared to 21% of 627 matched controls (relative risk, 3.95). Trends towards increased frequencies of Cw4, B35 and reduced frequency of DR4 were also observed. These data suggest a possible immunogenetic predisposition to this otologic disorder. The presence of Cw7 may facilitate the diagnosis of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sensorineural hearing loss associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Because our recent clinical experiences suggested a possible association between hearing loss and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we prospectively studied the hearing of 30 patients hospitalized because of exacerbation of SLE. Twenty-nine of the 30 patients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy at the time of testing. We found an 8% incidence of substantial, previously undetected hearing loss without attributable cause. Hearing loss could not be correlated to age, sex, disease activity, organ-system involvement, laboratory test abnormalities, or duration of symptoms of SLE. Otolaryngologists treating patients with unexplainable hearing loss--particularly if it is sudden, fluctuating, or rapidly progressive--are alerted to the possibility of underlying systemic autoimmunity. We advise physicians who frequently treat patients with SLE to include questions on hearing in the review of systems and to refer the patient with hearing complaints for thorough otologic evaluation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Otitis media at Canyon Day, Ariz. A 16-year follow-up in Apache Indians.

A 16-year follow-up survey of native Americans living in Canyon Day, Ariz, did not show improvement in the 9.3% rate of clinically significant otitis media. However, the manifestations were more benign, especially in children, and included the spectrum of otitis media. A genetically determined eustachian tube difference may explain the high rate of occurrence of otitis media in these Apache Indians. Improvements in living conditions and health care may explain the change to less severe manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Acute myelogenous leukemia presenting as atypical mastoiditis with facial paralysis.

Symptomatic otologic involvement by leukemic infiltration is unusual, most often occurring in the already-diagnosed leukemic patient as postauricular mass, acute hemorrhagic otitis media, mastoiditis, cranial neuropathy, vertigo, hearing loss, or leptomeningitis. We think ours is the first reported patient whose leukemia presented as atypical mastoiditis and facial paralysis due to granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma). At mastoidectomy, tan lobulated rubbery tumor filled the mastoid antrum and middle ear cleft. Complete remission and full return of facial nerve function was achieved with 2500 R local radiation and systemic chemotherapy. We discuss the role and extent of surgery in atypical acute mastoiditis when unsuspected middle ear and mastoid tumor, with inconclusive intra-operative histopathologic data, is found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cystic hygroma reconsidered: hamartoma or neoplasm? Primary culture of an endothelial cell line from a massive cervicomediastinal hygroma with bony lymphangiomatosis.

A young woman presented with massive enlargement of a giant cervicomediastinal cystic hygroma, which communicated in part with the thoracic duct and was associated with generalized bony lymphangiomatosis. Modern imaging and sophisticated intraoperative physiologic monitoring made one-stage resection feasible. Tissue culture of explants of the hygroma yielded a primary endothelial cell line still surviving after 18 months, which, like the cyst-lining endothelium in the original resected specimen, reacted positively for Factor VIII-associated antigen. These findings, in conjunction with the histologic picture, support the notion that cystic hygroma represents an expanding proliferating endothelial growth process and not simply a sequestered lymphatic receptacle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of methods for preparing and thawing cryopreserved CD34+ and CD34- cell lines for use as reagents in flow cytometry of hematopoietic progenitor cells.

BACKGROUND: Flow cytometry is used to quantitate CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells for transplantation. The present study evaluates methods for preparing and thawing cryopreserved CD34+ and CD34- cell lines for use as flow cytometry reagents. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The human myeloid leukemic cell lines KG 1 a (CD34+) and K562 (CD34-) were grown in culture under standard conditions and then prepared on ficoll gradients of different densities to determine which gave the component that was most reproducible. After ficoll preparation, the cells were frozen in standard cryopreservation media and four methods of thawing were examined. Determination of the method that gave the cell component that was most reproducible was based on viability, percentage of cell recovery, and maintenance of CD34 antigenicity status. RESULTS: Ficoll gradient preparation improved the ease of flow cytometry analysis when original viability was low, and it produced a more uniform cell population. However, it resulted in significant cell loss for both cell lines. While the cell recovery for K562 cells was not significantly different with any of the densities of ficoll, recovery was significantly better for KG 1 a cells with ficoll at a specific gravity of 1.077. Of the thawing methods examined, all three that involved a rapid thaw at 37 degrees C were statistically equivalent to each other and were better than thawing at 4 degrees C. CONCLUSION: With a standardized method of preparing cell lines as reagents for quality control purposes, data comparison among cell processing laboratories may more readily be initiated. Such cell lines could also be useful as a teaching tool for flow cytometry and in proficiency testing.

Acute Disease↗