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Biomedical subjects

C A Benson

Publications and source records attributed to C A Benson.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of ketoconazole against herpes simplex virus.

The effects of ketoconazole alone and in combination with acyclovir and adenine arabinoside upon the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) were investigated by using a yield reduction assay. Ketoconazole demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 and -2 and synergistic antiviral activity when it was combined with acyclovir. Combinations of ketoconazole with adenine arabinoside resulted in either interference or indifference. The effects of ketoconazole upon the protein synthesis of HSV-2-infected cells were also determined in an effort to define the mechanism of action for the antiviral activity of ketoconazole. There was no reduction of HSV proteins when compared with acyclovir. These findings suggest that further investigations of the use of ketoconazole for the treatment of HSV infections are warranted.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1983

Enteroclysis aided by an electric pump.

An electric pump is recommended that facilitates enteroclysis in patients undergoing radiographic examination of the small bowel. Because the pump produces a constant and rapid flow of barium, and thus increased distention, its use enhances the demonstration of small bowel lesions. The authors have performed more than 30 examinations using this pump with total success.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body composition in HIV-infected women.

Although loss of lean body mass is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that can occur across the disease trajectory, few studies have characterized the body composition of HIV-infected women. We used bioelectrical impedance analysis to characterize the body composition of HIV-infected (n = 56) and uninfected (n = 12) women who were matched on percentage of ideal body weight. The HIV-infected women did not differ from the uninfected women by height-adjusted fat mass or body cell mass. Intergroup comparisons among the HIV-infected women showed that underweight women had significantly less fat mass than did normal-weight women but did not significantly differ with respect to body cell mass. Among all HIV-infected women, CD4(+) lymphocyte count was positively correlated with fat mass (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) but not with body cell mass. No significant correlations were found between any body-composition parameter and plasma viral load. Our findings suggest that, unlike men, HIV-infected underweight women show a preferential loss of fat mass and a relative preservation of body cell mass. This altered pattern of weight loss may relate to higher premorbid fat stores in women and/or hormonal differences.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection: implications of recent clinical trials on prophylaxis and treatment.

A number of additional questions regarding prophylaxis and treatment of MAC disease remain. Should MAC prophylaxis be stopped for patients whose CD4 counts increase above the threshold of risk after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy? Are the CD4 cells recovered in the latter situation functional with regard to the immune response to MAC infection? How will the incidence and epidemiology of MAC disease change with the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy? Once disease occurs, what proportion of patients treated with a macrolide-containing regimen will ultimately fail or relapse on therapy and what factors determine this? Are there regimens that will significantly reduce the risk of failure or relapse due to drug resistance? How should patients who fail or relapse on initial therapy be treated? How can the drugs available for prophylaxis and treatment be most effectively used in the context of protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy or other drug therapies with which antimycobacterial agents may interact? Future directions in research related to MAC disease will require us to address not only these questions but also to develop new drugs with increased activity against this organism.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗