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Bruce Budowle

Publications and source records attributed to Bruce Budowle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II in 205 Singapore Malays.

Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the hypervariable regions HV1 and HV2 were analyzed in 205 unrelated ethnic Malays residing in Singapore as an initial effort to generate a database for forensic identification purposes. Sequence polymorphism was detected using PCR and direct sequencing analysis. A total of 152 haplotypes was found containing 152 polymorphisms. Out of the 152 haplotypes, 115 were observed only once and 37 types were seen in multiple individuals. The most common haplotype (16223T, 16295T, 16362C, 73G, 146C, 199C, 263G, and 315.1C) was shared by 7 (3.41%) individuals, two haplotypes were shared by 4 individuals, seven haplotypes were shared by 3 individuals, and 27 haplotypes by 2 individuals. Haplotype diversity and random match probability were estimated to be 0.9961% and 0.87%, respectively.

Complementarity Determining Regions↗
PubMed2006

Population study of 11 Y-chromosomal STR loci in Singapore Chinese.

In this study of 212 unrelated Singapore Chinese males, allelic frequencies and gene diversities of 11 Y-chromosome specific STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS438 and DYS439) were established. A total of 184 haplotypes were observed in the 212 individuals studied, of which 165 (89.67%) were unique. The most common haplotype was observed in five (2.35%) individuals. The overall haplotype diversity for the 11 Y-STR loci was 99.81%, and the discrimination capacity was 86.79%.

Chromosomes, Human, Y↗
PubMed2006

Identification of a novel polymorphism in the X-chromosome region homologous to the DYS456 locus.

During an extensive multipopulation study with Y-short tandem repeat (STR) loci, amplified using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit, amplification of a 71 bp fragment was observed in 2.32% of the male samples analyzed (N = 3141). By direct sequencing of this fragment, it was determined that the primer binding sequences were identical to those of the DYS456 locus. A T to G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) enabled amplification of the 71 bp fragment. The SNP is located within an X-Y homologous region at Xq21.31 and was observed with the highest frequency within the African American and Sub-Saharan African populations in our study. Presence of SNP on the X chromosome did not interfere with the reliability of typing the DYS456 locus and the other Y-STR loci typeable using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit. Full profiles in a mixture of male:female at 1:4000 were obtained using the current configuration of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler kit even in the presence of female DNA containing the G variant.

Chromosomes, Human, X↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of variation in control region sequences for Hispanic individuals in the SWGDAM mtDNA data set.

The Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) Hispanic data set was analyzed to determine the diversity, phylogeny, and relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that describe haplogroup patterns for Hispanic Americans (N=686), and to assess the degree of admixture regarding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The largest component of admixture based on mtDNA analysis derives from the four major haplogroups previously observed in Native American ancestry, including A (29.3%), B (15.7%), C (20.6%), and D (4.8%). European (17.8%) and African (11.8%) haplogroups also were observed within this data set. Hispanic SWGDAM samples from the southwest, compared with other SWGDAM Hispanic samples, were observed to have a greater percent of Native American haplogroups present (79.9%), and fewer African American haplogroups (4.5%). A total of 234 SNPs were observed in the data set, including 36 newly reported variable positions. These SWGDAM Hispanic data set SNPs ranged from having 1 to 31 changes (Length=L) on the phylogenetic tree, with site 16519 being the most variable. On average, there were 3.9 character changes for each variable position on the tree. The most variable sites (with 13 or more changes each listed from fastest to slowest) observed were 16519 (L=31), 16189 (L=23), 152 (L=23), 16311 (L=19), 146 (L=17), 195 (L=17), 16093 (L=15), 16362 (L=14), 16129 (L=13), 150 (L=13), and 153 (L=13). These sites are consistent with other reports on highly variable positions. A total of 27 SNPs were chosen to identify all clusters containing 1% (N=7) or more individuals in the SWGDAM Hispanic data set. The descriptive analyses revealed that the SWGDAM Hispanic data set is similar to published Native American and Hispanic data sets.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2005

Epidemiology. DNA identifications after the 9/11 World Trade Center attack.

The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to forensic DNA typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.

DNA↗
PubMed2005

Genetic data for the 13 CODIS STR loci in Singapore Chinese.

Allele frequencies for the 13 CODIS STR loci included in the AmpFISTR Profiler Plus and AmpFISTR Cofiler kits (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) were determined in a sample of 209 unrelated Chinese in Singapore. The combined random match probability for the 13 loci is about 6.6 x10(-15) and the overall probability of excluding paternity is 0.9999899. The results demonstrate that the loci are useful for forensic human identification and parentage testing for the Chinese population in Singapore.

China↗
PubMed2005

Base composition analysis of human mitochondrial DNA using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: a novel tool for the identification and differentiation of humans.

In traditional approaches, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation is exploited for forensic identity testing by sequencing the two hypervariable regions of the human mtDNA control region. To reduce time and labor, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays are being sought to possibly replace sequencing. However, most SNP assays capture only a portion of the total variation within the desired regions, require a priori knowledge of the position of the SNP in the genome, and are generally not quantitative. Furthermore, with mtDNA, the clustering of SNPs complicates the design of SNP extension primers or hybridization probes. This article describes an automated electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method that can detect a number of clustered SNPs within an amplicon without a priori knowledge of specific SNP positions and can do so quantitatively. With this technique, the base composition of a PCR amplicon, less than 140 nucleotides in length, can be calculated. The difference in base composition between two samples indicates the presence of an SNP. Therefore, no post-PCR analytical construct needs to be developed to assess variation within a fragment. Of the 2754 different mtDNA sequences in the public forensic mtDNA database, nearly 90% could be resolved by the assay. The mass spectrometer is well suited to characterize and quantitate heteroplasmic samples or those containing mixtures. This makes possible the interpretation of mtDNA mixtures (as well as mixtures when assaying other SNPs). This assay can be expanded to assess genetic variation in the coding region of the mtDNA genome and can be automated to facilitate analysis of a large number of samples such as those encountered after a mass disaster.

Automation↗