[Mechanism of emodin for anti-fibrosis of liver].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Bin Liu
Publications and source records attributed to Bin Liu.
Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation with modified enteric drainage of exocrine pancreatic secretion.
BACKGROUND: As a valid therapeutic option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and secondary diabetic nephropathy, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) remains more undeveloped than other solid organ transplantations due to the restrictions of surgical techniques especially the modes of exocrine pancreatic secretion. The aim of this paper was to summarize our single-center experience in SPK with modified enteric drainage (ED). METHODS: From June 2000 to July 2003, 10 patients with IDDM associated with uremia received SPK. The pancreatic allograft exocrine secretion was drained into the proximal jejunum via a side-to-side duodenojejunostomy without Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Quadruple immunosuppressive regimen consisted of induction of tacrolimus (TAC)/cyclosporine (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), steroids and antibodies, which included antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) or anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: ED-SPK without Roux-en-Y anastomosis was successful in all 10 patients without serious complications such as pancreatitis, graft thrombosis and pancreatic fistula. The patients regained immediate kidney allograft function and euglycemia with insulin-independence. Four patients survived over one year. Episodes of acute rejection were observed in 4 patients, 3 of whom showed reversion after treatment of OKT3 or insulin. Early postoperative complications included peritoneal infection (2 patients), wound infection (2) and renal hematoma (1). CONCLUSION: ED-SPK without Roux-en-Y anastomosis is safe and preferable to the patients with IDDM associated with uremia.
Adult↗
[Effect of papillary thyroid carcinoma related gene PTC1 on subcellular localization and function of ATM cell].
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is characterized by RET (rearranged during transfection)/PTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma) rearrangements. However, the function of RET/PTC in carcino- genesis is not well understood. This study was designed to investigate the interaction between DNA double-strand break sensor ATM (mutated in ataxia telangiectasia) kinase and PTC1, a rearranged form of proto-oncogene ret, to explore the role of ret rearrangements in carcinogenesis. METHODS: RET TK phosphorylation was determined by in vitro kinase assay using the immunoprecipitation with anti-ATM antibody as kinase and the immunoprecipitation of HA-tagged TK as substrate. The location of ATM-LZPR in COS7 cells coexpressed with PTC1 was investigated by protein extracts of cytoplasm and nucleus. The phosphorylation level of p53, was determined by Western blot analysis with the antibody against phosphorylated p53, and the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry when PTC1 overexpressed. RESULTS: ATM directly phosphorylated TK domain of PTC1 in vitro kinase assay. ATM-LZPR was located in both cell cytoplasm and nucleus when PTC1 was not expressed, however, co-overexpression of PTC1 and ATM-LZPR made the latter locate only in the cytoplasm. In addition, overexpression of PTC1 inhibited the phosphorylation level of p53 by ATM and caused G(1)/S phase arrest of cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS: PTC1 may remain ATM kinase in cytoplasm and inhibit the phosphorylation of p53 by ATM. PTC1, a rearrangement form of ret, may result in the disorder of cell damage repair and cell cycle checkpoint and destroy cell homeostasis.
Animals↗
[A retrospective analysis on multiple cord blood transplantation in 13 cases].
In order to study the feasibility of multi-umbilical cord blood transplantation (multi-UCBT) in adult, 13 cases of unrelated allogeneic multi-UCBT performed from June 1998 to July 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. All cord blood units were obtained from full term normal vaginal and cesarean deliveries in Guangzhou Maternity and Neonatal Hospital. The fractionation, cryopreservation and thawing of cord blood were done according to the regulation of New York Umbilical Cord Blood Bank and pertinent literatures. Donors of HLA 1/6-2/6 mismatch were accepted at registry search. The results showed that from June 1998 to July 2003, 28 umbilical cord blood units were selected by 7 transplantation centers for 13 cases. The median age of recipients was 22 (8 - 41) years, and the median weight was 50 (21 - 75) kg, the median infused dose of total nuclear cells was 2.91 x 10(7)/kg. Six out of thirteen cases were engrafted after cord blood infusion with absolute neutrophil count of > 5.0 x 10(8)/L at 19 days post-infusion. Only one case suffered from graft versus host disease, the total survival of multi-UCBT was 46.2% (6/13). It is concluded that good prospects in the field of multi-umbilical cord blood transplantation is likely to be realized.
Adolescent↗
[Influence of ganciclovir and astragalus membranaceus on proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells of cord blood after cytomegalovirus infection in vitro].
OBJECTIVE: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was greatly common in the world. CMV infection produces usually mild or asymptomatic infections in individuals with normal immune responses, whereas it may cause serious disease in immunosuppressive patients. Clinical manifestations include suppression of myelopoiesis, a mononucleosis like syndrome, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. In patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation CMV remains the most common infectious causes of morbidity and mortality. But the treatment drugs with specific effect for CMV was fewer at the present. This study was to investigate the effect of CMV on proliferation of colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), CFU-erythroid (CFU-E), brust forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), CFU-multipotential (CFU-Mix) and CFU-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk) progenitor cells of cord blood (CB) with the presence of ganciclovir (GCV) and astragalus membranaceus in vitro. METHODS: Twenty CB samples were collected from fetal umbilical vein of normal term spontaneous delivery neonates. The colony forming unit-assay was applied to observe the suppression effect of CMV-AD169 strain on CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk of CB with the presence of GCV and astragalus membranaceus in vitro. The technique of PCR was used to demonstrate the existence of CMV-AD169 DNA in the colony cells of cultured CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk. RESULTS: (1) The numbers of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk colonies in CMV infection groups were significantly less than those in blank and mock group, respectively. The last time of colonies in groups with CMV infection was significantly shorten compared with the blank and mock group. (2) CMV-DNA was positively detected in the colony cells of CMV infection groups by PCR, while negative in the control groups. (3) The lasting time of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk colonies infected with CMV extended significantly with the presence of astragalus membranaceus and GCV, and the numbers of those increased significantly compared with the CMV infection group, respectively. The increasing rate of colonies was 27.2%, 45.2%, 49.1%, 39.0% and 11.9% with astragalus membranaceus group, 37.4%, 74.2%, 71.7%, 67.4% and 38.9% with GCV group, 53.6%, 83.8%, 88.7%, 87.8% and 61.5% with astragalus membranaceus and GCV group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The differentiation and proliferation of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk were significantly inhibited after infected with CMV-AD169 strain. The suppression effect of CMV-AD169 on CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk was inhibited with the presence of GCV and astragalus membranaceus in vitro. This suggested that CMV-AD169 may be inhibited or killed by GCV and Astragalus Membranaceus in vitro.
Antiviral Agents↗
Early down-regulation of Bcl-xL expression during megakaryocytic differentiation of thrombopoietin-induced CD34+ bone marrow cells in essential thrombocythemia.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder with abnormal megakaryocyte/platelet production. Recent studies have found that Bcl-xL, as a member of the bcl-2 family of proteins that inhibit apoptosis, is essential in megakaryocytic differentiation. In this study the expression of Bcl-xL was evaluated during megakaryocytic differentiation in ET patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: To study the role of Bcl-xL in megakaryocyte differentiation, we evaluated the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of Bcl-xL. CD34+ cells from patients with ET, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV) and normal individuals were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with thrombopoietin (TPO). Immunocytochemical staining and flow cytometric analysis were used to evaluate the Bcl-xL expression during megakaryocytic differentiation of CD34+ cells. RESULTS: When exposured to si-Bcl-xL, the percentage of K562 cells induced into megakaryocytes in 72 hours was lower than the corresponding percentage of control cells. CD41a+ cells from the three groups of patients and the control group were cultured. At day 10, the percentage of Bcl-xL- cells in CD41a+ cells from ET patients was 61.0+/-28.1%, which was significantly higher than that from patients with CML (2.5+/-20.9%), PV (33.6+/-10.0%) or control subjects (15.1+/-13.0%).] INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Bcl-xL is down-regulated early during in vitro differentiation of megakaryocytes from ET patients; this might reflect an early entry of megakaryocytes into a degenerating mature stage.
Adult↗
[Study on pulmonary fibrosis and state of angiogenesis in acute lung injury].
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Acute Lung Injury↗
Microsurgery on foramen magnum meningioma with suboccipital.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze which factors influence the operative outcome, and compare advantages and disadvantages of relative surgical approaches. METHODS: Eleven cases with the foramen magnum meningioma were operated by using posterior approach with lateral extension. RESULTS: Complete removal of the tumor was performed in 7 patients (7/11, 64%), subtotal resection in 2 cases (2/11, 18%) and partial resection in 2 cases (2/11, 18%). There were no operative death and significant complication. CONCLUSION: The posterior approach with lateral enlargement is sufficient to expose and remove foramen magnum tumors without expensive bone resection.
Adolescent↗
[The relationship between lower esophageal sphincter motility and function with gastroesophageal reflux disease].
SUBJECTIVE: To evaluate the motor pattern and function of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and esophageal acidification episodes before and after intragastric load in the patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and in controls, and identify the relationship between transient LES relaxations (TLESR), and low LES pressure and acid reflux episodes. METHODS: All of them undergone a pH/manometric monitoring during fasting and for 3 h after meal. RESULTS: 68 episodes of acid reflux were detected totally, and 43% (29/68) occurred during transient LES relaxation, 31% (21/68) occurred after down drifts (<1 mmHg/s) in basal LES pressure or in persisting low basal LES pressure. There were more patients with acid reflux episodes compared TLESR in patients with GERD than in volunteers (P <0.05). More acid reflux episodes in patients with GERD than in controls (P <0.001). But ingestion of the meal induced a significant increase in the TLESR frequency during the first and second postprandial hours. CONCLUSIONS: The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease is multifactorial. It is established that impaired lower esophageal sphincter function play an important role in GERD. Transient LES relaxation could probably be considered one of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux, but it is not a necessary prerequisite for the acidification events. Some reflux episodes result from low resting LES pressure rather than from transient LES relaxations alone.
Adult↗
[Rapid construction of full-length MnSOD cDNA of chickens by one-step 3'RACE].
RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) is a popular technique to rapidly obtain the full-length cDNA. After obtaining the 3' cDNA and 5' cDNA fragments with a overlapped region by 3' RACE and 5' RACE, the full-length cDNA could be generated by end-to-end PCR or subcloning. In this study, 3' RACE combined with touch-down PCR was successfully used for the rapid construction of full-length MnSOD cDNA of chickens. Compared with the conventional end-to-end PCR or subcloning, this method, called one-step 3' RACE, is fast, economical and highly specific. It especially fits the rapid construction of full-length cDNA by RACE method.
Animals↗
[Clinical analysis on eight cases of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma].
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Adult↗
[Isolation and purification of three iridoids from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. with stepwise gradient preparative liquid chromatography].
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Chromatography, Liquid↗
[Bioavailabilities of manganese sources based on heart manganese-containing superoxide dismutase gene expression for broilers].
OBJECTIVE: Two experiments were conducted to determine whether heart manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression could detect the differences in bioavailabilities of Mn sources more quickly, sensitively and constantly than other indices. METHODS: In experiment 1, a total of 546 day-old commercial male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly assign to each of thirteen treatments with six cage replicates according to a completely randomized design involving a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement. Each group of birds was fed Mn-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diets (Control) or basal diets supplemented with 60, 120 or 180 mg/kg Mn as either Mn sulfate, Mn-Met E, Mn-AA B or Mn-AA C for 21 days. At 21 days of age, three birds from each cage were selected according to average bodyweight of the cage and killed. Heart and left leg were excised immediately. Mn concentrations in tissues, MnSOD activity and gene expression of MnSOD in heart were analyzed. In experiment 2, two hundred and seventy day-old AA commercial male broilers were randomly allotted to one of five treatments with six cage replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed a Mn-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet (Control) or the basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg Mn as each of the four Mn sources in experiment 1 for 21 days. The methods in experiment 1 were used to select and slaughter birds from each cage on the 7th, 14th or 21st day. The tissues were collected and analyzed as well. RESULTS: (1) In experiment 1, ash Mn content, heart Mn content, and MnSOD activity in heart mitochondria on the 21st day were affected (P = 0.0001) by dietary added Mn level. Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of these three indices on dietary added Mn intake, the relative bioavailabilities of organic Mn sources did not differ from that of MnSO4 (P > 0.14). Heart MoSOD mRNA level on the 21st day was affected by both Mn source (P < 0.10) and Mn level (P = 0.0001). Based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regression of heart MnSOD mRNA level on dietary added Mn intake, if 100% was set for Mn sulfate, the relative bioavailabilities of organic Mn sources with weak, moderate, and strong chelation strengths were 99.0%, 132.3% and 112.7%, respectively. The organic Mn source with the moderate chelation strength was more available (P < 0.05) than Mn sulfate and organic Mn sources with the weak or strong chelation strengths; (2) In experiment 2, the seven day-old chicks fed on the diet supplemented with the organic Mn source with the moderate chelation strength showed a higher (P < 0.02) MnSOD mRNA level than those fed on the diets supplemented with Mn sulfate and the organic Mn source with the weak chelation strength, and the same tendency was observed on the 14th day or 21st day (P < 0.05). Ash Mn content and heart MnSOD activity were less sensitive in detecting the differences among Mn sources in bioavailability than MnSOD mRNA level. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that dietary Mn significantly affected heart MnSOD gene expression pretranslationally, and heart MnSOD mRNA level as early as on the 7th day could detect differences in bioavailabilities of Mn sources more quickly, sensitively and constantly than all other indices. There was a close correlativity between chelation strengths of these organic Mn sources and their relative bioavailabilities for broilers, in which the organic Mn source with the moderate chelation strength was the most available. The estimation of relative bioavailabilities of Mn sources based on heart MnSOD mRNA level could request a shorter time of experimental period and smaller number of animals, and thus could be a new method for a quick and effective assessment in bioassays of Mn sources for broilers.
Animal Feed↗
A new and efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine anticancer agents: Alimta (LY231514, MTA), homo-Alimta, TNP-351, and some aryl 5-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines.
Alimta, as well as homo-Alimta, a nonbridged analogue of Alimta, and TNP-351 have been prepared by a new method that involves Michael addition of the appropriate 1-nitroalkene with 2,6-diamino-3H-pyrimidin-4-one or 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, followed by a Nef reaction of the resulting primary nitro Michael adduct. Spontaneous intramolecular cyclization of the resulting aldehyde with the pyrimidine 6-amino group yields the corresponding pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine. A series of previously unknown 5-arylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines was prepared by the same methodology from the above pyrimidines and nitrostyrenes. It has been found that the intermediate primary nitro Michael adduct can be prepared in a single step by sonication of a mixture of an arylaldehyde, nitromethane, and the 6-aminopyrimidine in acetic acid containing ammonium acetate.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Transverse optical mode in a one-dimensional Yukawa chain.
A transverse optical mode was observed in a one-dimensional Yukawa chain. Charged particles, suspended in a strongly coupled dusty plasma, were arranged in a 1D periodic structure. Particle displacement in the direction perpendicular to the chain was restored by the confining potential. The dispersion relation of phonons was measured, verifying that the optical mode has negative dispersion, with phase and group velocities that are oppositely directed. A theoretical dispersion relation is presented and compared to the experiment and a molecular dynamics simulation.
Journal Article↗
The mitochondrial genome of the thermal dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei is more closely related to those of molds than yeasts.
We report the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Penicillium marneffei, the first complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of a thermal dimorphic fungus. This 35 kb mitochondrial genome contains the genes encoding ATP synthase subunits 6, 8, and 9 (atp6, atp8, and atp9), cytochrome oxidase subunits I, II, and III (cox1, cox2, and cox3), apocytochrome b (cob), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ubiquinone oxireductase subunits (nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4L, nad5, and nad6), ribosomal protein of the small ribosomal subunit (rps), 28 tRNAs, and small and large ribosomal RNAs. Analysis of gene contents, gene orders, and gene sequences revealed that the mitochondrial genome of P. marneffei is more closely related to those of molds than yeasts.
Base Sequence↗
Shape-adaptable water-soluble conjugated polymers.
Cationic water-soluble conjugated polymers with a non "rigid-rod" aspect ratio can be prepared by Suzuki coupling condensation polymerization of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-bis(6'-bromohexyl)fluorene and varying ratios of p- and m-phenyl diboronic acids, followed by reaction with trimethylamine. The resulting polymers are designated MnPm+, where the subscripts in Mn and Pm correspond to the ratio of meta and para linkages, respectively. Absorption and fluorescence spectra indicate facile energy transfer via interachain or intrachain mechanisms. The emission of MnPm+ with m > 50 matches that of M0P100+. Excitations ultimately reside in the polymer segments with largest number of para linkages. FRET experiments show that the polymers with a more flexible structure are better donors to fluorescein-labeled double-stranded DNA. Similar results are obtained when intercalated ethidium bromide is used as the acceptor. These results indicate that there is better spatial registry between the flexible conjugated polymers and the secondary structure of DNA.
Cations↗
NADPH oxidase mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and proinflammatory gene expression in activated microglia.
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We have previously reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is mediated by the release of proinflammatory factors from activated microglia. Here, we report the pivotal role of NADPH oxidase in inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity, where the LPS-induced loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons in vivo was significantly less pronounced in NADPH oxidase-deficient (PHOX-/-) mice when compared with control (PHOX+/+) mice. Dopaminergic neurons in primary mensencephalic neuron-glia cultures from PHOX+/+ mice were significantly more sensitive to LPS-induced neurotoxicity in vitro when compared with PHOX-/- mice. Further, PHOX+/+ neuron-glia cultures chemically depleted of microglia failed to show dopaminergic neurotoxicity with the addition of LPS. Neuron-enriched cultures from both PHOX+/+ mice and PHOX-/- mice also failed to show any direct LPS-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. However, the addition of PHOX+/+ microglia to neuron-enriched cultures from either strain resulted in reinstatement of LPS-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity, supporting the role of microglia as the primary source of NADPH oxidase-generated insult and neurotoxicity. Immunostaining for F4/80 in mensencephalic neuron-glia cultures revealed that PHOX-/- microglia failed to show activated morphology at 10 h, suggesting an important role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from NADPH oxidase in the early activation of microglia. LPS also failed to elicit extracellular superoxide and produced low levels of intracellular ROS in microglia-enriched cultures from PHOX-/- mice. Gene expression and release of tumor necrosis factor alpha was much lower in PHOX-/- mice than in control PHOX+/+ mice. Together, these results demonstrate the dual neurotoxic functions of microglial NADPH oxidase: 1) the production of extracellular ROS that is toxic to dopamine neurons and 2) the amplification of proinflammatory gene expression and associated neurotoxicity.
Animals↗