Bettyann Hutchisson | Search PubMed

PubMed2003

Basic electrocardiogram interpretation for perioperative nurses.

CHANGES IN PRACTICE have made knowledge of the cardiac conduction system and basic electrocardiogram (EKG) interpretation a necessity because perioperative nurses are required to manage an increasing number of patients undergoing i.v. conscious sedation who require EKG monitoring. RAPID EKG INTERPRETATION can reveal arrhythmias before a patient becomes symptomatic. An EKG can reveal underlying cardiac problems and uncover electrolyte imbalances that, if left untreated, could hinder positive patient outcomes. THE CONDUCTION AND CORONARY ARTERY SYSTEMS of the heart are described to enable identification of normal and abnormal EKG rhythms. Each arrhythmia is described, and potential causes and probable treatments are discussed.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The truth and consequences of enzymatic detergents.

Enzymatic detergents are widely used to clean gastrointestinal endoscopes before high-level disinfection. Although proper use of enzymatic detergents may appear straightforward, common misuses include failure to dilute the enzymatic detergent, overdilution of enzymatic detergent, use of expired enzymatic detergent, inadequate exposure time, and failure to rinse the enzymatic detergent from the instrument being cleaned. Each type of misuse has its own rationale. In these studies, the authors show by high-performance liquid chromatography that the type of enzymatic detergent and the dilution and rinsing of enzymatic detergents affect the amount of residual high-level disinfectant (ortho-phthalaldehyde) left on test segments of flexible endoscope insertion tubes. The authors also qualitatively demonstrate that proteinaceous material, which is stained a dark color by ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), remains on colonoscopes that have been cleaned with improperly diluted or rinsed enzymatic detergents. These findings emphasize the importance of diluting and using enzymatic detergents exactly as directed by their manufacturers to reduce bioburden and residual amounts of high-level disinfectant on flexible endoscopes.

Disinfectants↗