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Biomedical subjects

B Zweiman

Publications and source records attributed to B Zweiman.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cranial computed tomography in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

The cranial computed tomograms of 29 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were reviewed. Twenty-two patients had a clinical course consistent with central nervous system involvement. Of these, 20 had abnormal CT studies during the course of their CNS symptoms. The most common finding was sulcal enlargement, either with or without ventricular enlargement, and it was prominent in patients with either psychosis or dementia. Infarcts and intracranial hemorrhages were seen as well. Seven CT studies were obtained in SLE patients without a clear diagnosis of CNS involvement. Only one of these was abnormal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Further characterization and biologic activity of ragweed antigen--induced neutrophil chemotactic activity in man.

We have previously described the appearance in serum of increased neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) during bronchospasm induced by inhalation of ragweed antigen in ragweed-sensitive subjects. This NCA is non-complement derived, appears within 1 min after antigen inhalation, and is not seen after methacholine-induced bronchospasm. This article describes further characterization of this chemotactic activity and correlation with in vivo leukocytosis. NCA consistently eluted in the void volume (fraction I) after Sephadex G-150 chromatography of patient serum obtained 10 min postchallenge. Fraction I contained 94% of the NCA of postchallenge whole serum. Both postchallenge whole serum and fraction I deactivated neutrophils to autologous chemoattractants and complement-derived chemotactic factors, but not serum-independent chemotactic factors. NCA was chemotactic for neither human nor guinea pig eosinophils, nor for human mononuclear cells. A significant increase of circulating neutrophils was seen only after antigen-induced bronchospasm and correlated with the increase in NCA. Thus, NCA represents another inflammatory mediator of probable mast cell origin that may explain, at least partially, the accumulation of neutrophils observed in the peripheral blood, skin, and bronchial wall after immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

Bronchial Provocation Tests↗
PubMed1979

Histamine release and complement changes following injection of contrast media in humans.

Mechanisms responsible for allergic-like reactions following administration of radiographic contrast media (RCM) are unclear. Aortic root blood specimens were obtained sequentially in 6 subjects following injection of RCM into the pulmonary artery during cardiac catheterization. In 5 subjects, elevated plasma histamine levels (up to 80 ng/ml) occurred within minutes. Levels of C3, C4, factor B, and total hemolytic complement activity were decreased in the same specimens. No hemodynamic or clinical abnormalities were noted. These findings support the concept that RCM can liberate histamine in vivo in humans. Complement alterations may be related to localized RCM-protein interaction. It is unclear whether complement changes are related to the RCM-induced allergic mediator release.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Early effects of corticosteroids on basophils, leukocyte histamine, and tissue histamine.

The comparative effect in 11 atopic subjects of a single intravenous injection of methylprednisolone on sequential studies of blood eosinophils, basophils, leukocyte sensitivity to antigen for histamine release, leukocyte histamine content, and skin histamine was examined. No significant changes occurred in any parameter after placebo treatment. In contrast, 4 hr after intravenous treatment with steroid there were significant decreases in mean eosinophil counts (-95%), basophil counts (-72%), and histamine content of 1 X 10(7) leukocyte samples (-62%). Temporal changes in the latter paralleled alterations in circulating basophil levels. No significant changes occured in the antigen histamine release sensitivity, or the total skin histamine. Studies over a longer period after steroids in 4 subjects showed eosinophil and basophil levels at a nadir at 8 hr, remaining suppressed for 24 hr, and returned to pretreatment levels by 72 hr. Results suggest that corticosteroids induce a prominent decrease in leukocyte histamine due to a depletion of basophils without a decrease in histamine content per basophil, and that skin tissue histamine stores remain unchanged by such treatment.

Basophils↗
PubMed1979

Mechanisms in the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity in the guinea pig by 6-mercaptopurine. II: Kinetic and morphologic studies on the monocyte-macrophage component.

The effect of 6-mercaptopurine on the development and expression of delayed hypersensitivity was studied in the guinea pig. Results indicated that 6-MP produced its suppressive effects primarily by action on cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. Suppression could occur under conditions of both developing and pre-established delayed hypersensitivity. The defect primarily involved newly synthesized, bone marrow-derived monocytes. Marked alterations in monocyte macrophage generation and distribution, especially the T1/2 of circulating monocytes were demonstrated. Suppressive effects were associated with the appearance of a unique morphologic microscopy. Finally, the in vivo expression of delayed hypersensitivity correlated better with a variety of parameters relating to qualitative macrophage function and distribution rather than those relating to quantitative macrophage levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cold reactive antilymphocyte antibodies in neurological diseases.

Cold reactive (15 degrees C) antilymphocyte antibodies were detected in the sera of 33% of patients with multiple sclerosis, 50% with Guillain-Barré syndrome, 42% with myasthenia gravis, and 38% with polymyositis. We did not detect such antibodies against autologous cells in multiple sclerosis. In multiple sclerosis there was no correlation between the presence of antilymphocytic antibodies and disease activity or duration. In patients with multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis there was no correlation between the presence of cold reactive antilymphocyte antibodies and abnormalities of T or B cell levels.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1979

A prospective classification of the respiratory manifestations of pollen sensitivity.

Twenty pollen sensitive subjects were classified historically as Groups I-III based upon the elicitation of lower respiratory symptoms at (I) no time of the year, (II) only during the pollen season or (III) during and apart from the pollen season respectively. Neither antigen skin sensitivity nor antigen or mecholyl inhalational sensitivity was useful in delineating these three groups. However, pulmonary function tests during the season demonstrated changes in MMEFR and airflow at 25% vital capacity in Group II subjects, confirming our classifications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Antigen-induced neutrophil chemotactic activity in man. Correlation with bronchospasm and inhibition by disodium cromoglycate.

We have previously reported increased neutrophil chemotactic activity in sera obtained after positive antigen inhalation responses in atopic subjects. This report describes the kinetics of appearance of this serum activity and the effects of antigen dose and disodium cromoglycate pretreatment on the response in 10 ragweed-sensitive subjects. Significantly increased chemotactic activity was present as early as 1 min, peaked at 10 min, and persisted through 24 hr after inhalation of antigen. The increased chemotactic activity correlated with the degree of bronchospasm induced by antigen inhalation and the amount of antigen administered. The increased chemotactic activity and bronchospasm were blocked by administration of disodium cromoglycate prior to antigen challenge. These findings are consistent with a postulated antigen-induced anaphylactic release of chemotactic activity. The correlation of this activity with the degree of bronchospasm and its appearance after administration of even small doses of antigen suggest that this activity may be important in antigen-mediated bronchospasm.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

Thymic and peripheral blood T- and B-cell levels in myasthenia gravis.

We have compared the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in the thymus and peripheral blood populations of patients with myasthenia gravis. There were significantly fewer thymic T cells in myasthenic hyperplastic thymus (MG-H), but not in myasthenia gravis-thymoma (MG-T), compared with normal thymus biopsies obtained at cardiac surgery. Conversely, B cells were increased in MG-H versus MG-T and normals. Peripheral blood T and B cells were not different in any group of myasthenic patients compared to normal populations. In vitro autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions between thymus and peripheral blood lymphocytes occurred in MG-H, but did not correlate with the degree of thymic B-cell increases in these patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1978

Cell-mediated immunity to measles, myelin basic protein, and central nervous system extract in multiple sclerosis. A longitudinal study employing direct buffy coat migration inhibition assays.

Cell-mediated immunity to myelin basic protein, to an extract of central nervous system white matter, and to measles virus nuclear core, was studied nine patients with multiple sclerosis in a serial longitudinal fashion using in vitro inhibition of buffy coat migration. The mean migration index to all antigens at various times before, during, and after exacerbation of multiple scelrosis in the patients did not differ from the index in a reference group of normal subjects. The incidence of inhibition of migration induced by central nervous system white matter and basic protein was greater than in serially studied normal subjects (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.2 less than 0.1, respectively) but bore no definite relation to clinical course.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

Adverse radiographic contrast media reactions.

There are many unanswered questions about the mechanisms and prevention of adverse reactions to RCM. Serious reactions will likely occur less often in your experience if you observe these precautions: 1. Consider that every patient is a candiate for an adverse reaction when you request the contrast study. 2. Be particularly cautious in performing the study in those with previous reactions to RMC, those who are strongly atopic, and those in whom intravenous cholangiography is planned. Look for alternative diagnostic approaches in treating these individuals. 3. If there is any likelihood of increased reactivity, inform the patient, carry out a study with intravenous infusion in place and appropriate physician observation during and after the study, consider prestudy treatment with antihistamines and/or steroids, and be prepared to institute emergency measures should the need arise.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1978

A new approach to the autoradiographic study of proliferating lymphocytes.

An adaptation of a cell filtration method for the autoradiographic study of cultured lymphocytes has been developed. The percentages of labelled cells are very similar in the filtered cell population to those obtained from replicate cultures processed by centrifugation. The filter method permitted a higher recovery of cells from small numbers in culture with better cytological detail than seen when cells were washed by repeated centrifugation, then suspended and smeared.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1978

Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

We report characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis (616+/-148 cells/microliter) that occurred in guinea-pigs with definite clinical experimental allergic encephalomyelitis developing 12 to 16 days after sensitization with homologous myelin basic protein. This pleocytosis was not present in the cerebrospinal fluid of a group of animals studied when still healthy, 9 or 10 days after similar sensitization. Eighty-nine per cent of cells in the CSF pleocytosis were small lymphocytes, 8% were larger lymphocytes and the remainder mostly monocytes. Of the lymphocytes, most were E-rosetting or null cells. B-cell markers were uncommon. The cellular patterns in this CSF pleocytosis appear to be similar to those seen in some delayed hypersensitivity responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

In vitro cell-mediated immunity of cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes to myelin basic protein in primary demyelinating diseases.

In an attempt to characterize the immunologic reactivity of cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes in demyelinating diseases, we compared the myelin-basic-protein-induced in vitro responses of these cells to peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same subjects with a variety of neurologic diseases. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and progressive multiple sclerosis had increased reactivity as compared to those of normal volunteers (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes from patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and acute and progressive (but not stable) multiple sclerosis were more reactive than cells from subjects with other neurologic diseases (P less than 0.005, P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes manifested a greater reactivity than peripheral blood lymphocytes in acute and progressive multiple sclerosis but not in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These findings demonstrate that lymphocytic cells reactive to myelin basic protein are present in the spinal fluid during active demyelinating disease; and that these cells may be more reactive than peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Acute Disease↗