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Biomedical subjects

B Y Whitman

Publications and source records attributed to B Y Whitman.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Psychiatric illness in male and female narcotic addicts.

This report describes the results of initial psychiatric interviews on 100 male and 100 female narcotic addicts who were matched by age, race, and geographic origin. The majority met criteria for antisocial personality whereas about one in four males and one in seven females met criteria for alcoholism. Between one-third and one-half of the subjects met criteria for secondary depression. Bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia rates were not elevated. Males significantly more often were diagnosed as having antisocial personality and alcoholism whereas females significantly more often were diagnosed as having a non-drug depression. Treatment implications of the observed differences between males and females are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Psychiatric diagnosis and prediction of drug and alcohol dependence.

Some sociodemographic variables that have distinguished the future addict from the general population have not been found to predict outcome in those already dependent. This study demonstrates that a past history of specific psychiatric disorders is predictive of outcome in narcotic addicts. Future research should focus on interactions among past histories, past and present personality and motivation, and situational variables in the search for reliable clinical prognostic factors.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Alcoholism and alcohol dependence in narcotic addicts: a prospective study with a five-year follow-up.

In this paper we report on the prediction of mortality, alcohol dependence, and the rate of previously undiagnosed alcoholism in male and female narcotic addicts. These subjects (N = 200) were initially interviewed upon admission to the Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Lexington, Kentucky, and prospectively followed-up and reinterviewed 5 years later (N = 187). The results indicate that alcoholism and alcohol dependence are very prevalent in this sample of addicts. A history of diagnosable alcoholism obtained at admission was a significant predictor of mortality during the follow-up period whereas a history of heavy drinking was associated with increased mortality but not significantly. About one-half of the males and one-quarter of the females met criteria for alcohol dependence during the follow-up period. Both a prior diagnosis of alcoholism and a history of heavy drinking were significant predictors of episodes of alcohol dependence during the follow-up period. In addition, the proportion of subjects positive for alcoholism increased between two- and threefold during the 5-year period. Finally, a history of heavy drinking at any time within the 4 years immediately prior to admission significantly predicted subsequent episodes during the follow-up period.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sustained benefits of growth hormone on body composition, fat utilization, physical strength and agility, and growth in Prader-Willi syndrome are dose-dependent.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and hypotonia in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are accompanied by abnormal body composition resembling a growth hormone (GH) deficient state. Hypothalamic dysfunction in PWS includes decreased GH secretion, suggesting a possible therapeutic role for GH treatment. While recent studies have demonstrated short-term benefits of treatment with GH, a critical question is whether beneficial changes persist or wane with prolonged therapy, and whether these effects on body composition are dose-dependent as seen in adult GH deficiency. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: After 24 months of GH theapy at a dose of 1 mg/m2/day ("standard dose"), the effects of 12 additional months of GH treatment at varying doses (0.3-1.5 mg/m2/day) on growth, body composition, strength and agility, pulmonary function, resting energy expenditure (REE), and fat utilization were assessed in 46 children with PWS. Percent body fat, lean muscle mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Indirect calorimetry was used to determine REE and to calculate respiratory quotient (RQ). RESULTS: During months 24-36 of GH therapy, further changes in body composition (decrease in fat mass, and increase in lean body mass), growth velocity, and REE occurred with standard and higher-dose GH therapy (1.5 mg/m2/day), but not with lower dose GH (0.3 mg/m2/day). Prior improvements in BMD, and strength and agility, which occurred during the initial 24 months, were sustained during the additional 12 months (to 36 months) regardless of dose. CONCLUSIONS: Salutary and sustained GH-induced changes in growth, body composition, and physical function in children with PWS require GH doses of >0.3 mg/m2/day. Conversely, BMD increased during the additional 12 months of therapy regardless of GH dose. Lower doses of GH, effective in improving body composition in adults with GHD, do not appear to be effective in children with PWS.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗