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Biomedical subjects

B Wright

Publications and source records attributed to B Wright.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Peripheral nerve function in persons with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic HIV disease: absence of zidovudine neurotoxicity.

Nucleoside-induced neuropathy characteristically appears as a painful, symmetric, distal polyneuropathy. To evaluate the neurotoxic potential of zidovudine (ZDV, or azidothymidine), in persons with little confounding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neuropathy, we evaluated peripheral nerve function in persons completing placebo-controlled studies of ZDV in early HIV disease. Participants had been receiving placebo or ZDV at doses of 800-1,200 mg daily for a median 52 weeks at the time of evaluation. Neuropathic symptoms and abnormalities of motor and sensory function were present in fewer than 10% of both treatment groups. Depressed reflexes were found in 19% of the ZDV group and 18% of the placebo group. Quantitative sensory testing for vibration was abnormal in fewer than 10% of participants and the absolute scores favored the ZDV group. We thus found a low prevalence of peripheral nerve abnormalities and no evidence of ZDV neurotoxicity in this population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

A radiological presentation of neonatal and infantile syndromes.

The syndromes I have described are unfortunately not rare in Saudi and so the role of genetic counselling is an important, if difficult, one. Consanguinous marriages are a key cause of these diseases, but not one easily avoided. Marriage rituals in this part of the world are vastly different from those in the west. Many Saudis regard consanguinous unions, for example between cousins, as a further strengthening of family bonds. The role of genetics is not fully appreciated by parents and genetic disease is often attributed to other, extraneous causes: God's will; an illness suffered by the mother during pregnancy; or to the 'evil eye.' Even when genetic counsellors actively discourage parents who are at risk from having future children, this advice goes unheeded. Parents prefer to rely on: 'Insh'allah' or God's will' to safeguard them. Abortion is strictly prohibited by religious law and any affected offspring are cared for by a dedicated and loving family under the guidance of the Holy Qu'ran. They are rarely institutionalized.

Craniofacial Dysostosis↗
PubMed1988

Clinical trial of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet in subjects with mammographic dysplasia: report of early outcomes.

Despite evidence that dietary fat intake may influence breast cancer risk, there is little information about the effects of dietary fat on the human breast. We have studied the effects of dietary fat on the breast by examining the influence of dietary fat reduction on mammographic dysplasia (nodular or sheetlike areas of radiological density). Subjects with mammographic dysplasia were randomly allocated to a control group, in which they received advice about maintaining a balanced diet (36% of calories as fat), or an intervention group, in which they were taught to reduce dietary fat to a target of 15% of calories. A total of 295 patients consented to randomization, and after 1 year, 20% of the intervention group and 5% of the control group had dropped out (failed to keep appointments and provide nutrient data). The remaining patients closely adhered to the dietary goals of the study as assessed by food records, chemical analysis of duplicate meals, and serum cholesterol measurements. Comparison of mammograms before and after 1 year of dietary fat reduction shows no significant influence on the extent or density of mammographic dysplasia. Surgical biopsies performed in subjects after entry in the study showed five cancers in the control group and two cancers in the intervention group; this total of seven cancers is four times the number expected. These data show that clinical trials of the effects of dietary fat reduction on breast cancer risk are feasible and that long-term compliance with a low-fat diet can be achieved, and they confirm that the patients selected because they had mammographic dysplasia had increased risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Localized bone resorption in systemic sclerosis.

A case of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) is described in which painful bone resorption of both upper arms occurred. Computerized tomographic examination revealed cortical thinning with periosteal new bone formation, and pathologic examination revealed only a healing, fibrotic lesion. The cause of this rare occurrence in PSS remains unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A free radical scavenger role for daunomycin: inhibition of nonenzymatic oxidation of NADH.

The effect of daunomycin(Dm) on the nonenzymatic oxidation of NADH in the presence of metal ions, H2O2 and various ligands was examined. The results show that daunomycin inhibits the oxidation of NADH by reacting with one or more of the reaction intermediates which include OH., HO2., O2. and NAD.. This reaction is a reductive one involving the anthraquinone moiety of daunomycin as confirmed by control experiments by comparative UV-Vis analysis of the spectral character of daunomycin after reduction by NaBH4. Daunomycin, once reduced, apparently does not transfer its electron to another species such as O2 and is thus thought to play the role of free radical scavenger.

DNA↗
PubMed1986

Pyelonephritis associated with renal failure in a horse.

A 20-year-old gelding with weight loss and generalized weakness that progressed gradually over a 3-month period was diagnosed as having pyelonephritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Abnormal laboratory findings included high values for BUN, creatinine, potassium, and calcium, and depletion of sodium. Determination of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow indicated a severe decrease in renal filtration and perfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A re-evaluation of the anxiolytic properties of intramuscular midazolam.

The observed effect of midazolam on anxiety is equivocal in part because previous studies have not ruled out pre-treatment differences in anxiety scores between patients who received midazolam and those who did not (controls). This study re-examines the anxiolytic effect of premedication with intramuscular midazolam using a sample size calculated to be of sufficient size to rule out population differences as a variable affecting treatment results. In the midazolam group (n = 49) anxiety scores were determined prior to administration of midazolam 0.07 mg/kg intramuscularly, and again 60 minutes later. In the control group (n = 47) anxiety scores were determined prior to intramuscular injection of a similar volume of matching placebo (midazolam vehicle), and again 60 minutes later. No differences in anxiety scores between groups either before treatments or 60 minutes after treatments were observed. Within both groups, anxiety scores at 60 minutes were no different from pre-treatment scores. In this study midazolam did not produce a statistically significant decrease in pre-operative anxiety scores at 60 minutes following intramuscular administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of macrophage activation by calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists.

The biochemical mechanisms by which macrophages become activated to the tumoricidal state are poorly understood. To investigate the role of calcium in this process, the effect of calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists on the acquisition of tumoricidal properties by macrophages activated by a number of different agents was examined. Activation of thioglycollate-stimulated C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages by macrophage activation factor (MAF) plus LPS, IFN-gamma plus LPS or the calcium ionophore, A23187, was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil. These agents blocked the influx of 45Ca into macrophages activated by MAF plus LPS. Macrophage activation was also inhibited by chlorpromazine, W-7, and calmidazolium at concentrations known to perturb calmodulin function. The data suggest that activation of macrophages to the tumoricidal state is a calcium-dependent process involving the participation of calcium-regulated biochemical reactions whose activities can be modulated by pharmacological agents that frustrate transmembrane calcium fluxes and/or inhibit calmodulin function.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ocular changes in a cat with disseminated blastomycosis.

A domestic shorthair cat examined because of dyspnea was found to have ophthalmoscopic and radiographic changes suggestive of systemic mycosis. The cat died despite antifungal therapy. Histologic examination revealed Blastomyces dermatitidis in the eyes, brain, lungs, stomach, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and adrenal glands. The pathologic changes were similar, but more widespread than those typically seen with canine blastomycosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A shared role.

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Crisis Intervention↗