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Biomedical subjects

B Wood

Publications and source records attributed to B Wood.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Squamous cell papilloma at the tracheoesophageal puncture stoma.

Over 140 tracheoesophageal punctures were performed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders over the last seven years. In all cases the Blom-Singer duckbill prosthesis was utilized for alaryngeal voice restoration. Of these patients, two examples were noted where squamous cell papilloma was found at the tracheoesophageal stoma site. The preoperative evaluation and surgical laser technique for surgical excision of the papilloma with postoperative care are described. The case reports of each of the patients that have been diagnosed as having squamous cell papilloma of the tracheoesophageal puncture site are reviewed.

Esophagostomy↗
PubMed1988

Sibling psychological status and style as related to the disease of their chronically ill brothers and sisters: implications for models of biopsychosocial interaction.

This study explores the relationship between disease type and disease activity, and the psychological status of siblings of chronically ill children. Closest-age siblings of children with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 41) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 24) were assessed for psychological disorder and psychological style, using reliable and standardized measures. The disease activity of the patients was also evaluated. Assessment occurred during outpatient visits to a pediatric gastroenterology division. Results indicated that CD siblings had more psychological disorder than UC siblings. This was not due to greater acute disease activity in the CD patients. However, as a group, siblings of the sickest CD patients displayed more "internalizing" behaviors, whereas siblings of the healthiest CD patients displayed more "externalizing" behaviors. UC siblings, who were psychologically healthier, displayed "externalizing" behaviors regardless of the patient's disease activity. These results are in accord with our previous findings on family functioning, which, together, yield a heuristic model representing the different patterns of biopsychosocial interaction for CD in contrast to UC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Thiamin in beer.

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Beer↗
PubMed1987

A simple field map for shimming.

A field-mapping procedure based on volume-selective spectroscopy is described. For proton NMR the method may be used to optimize magnet shimming, on the sample under investigation, prior to spectroscopy or imaging experiments. Examples of field maps obtained on our 4.7-T system, using phantoms and biological samples of up to 6 cm in diameter, are presented.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging↗
PubMed1986

Wernicke's encephalopathy in a metropolitan hospital. A prospective study of incidence, characteristics and outcome.

Thirty-two cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy were admitted to hospital for treatment in a period of 33 months; this represented a relatively low incidence in total hospital admissions. Thiamin status was deficient, borderline and normal in 21 (66%), five (16%) and six (19%) patients, respectively, and responded immediately to treatment in those who had abnormal thiamin status. Ophthalmoplegia responded rapidly to treatment. Nystagmus, ataxia, disturbance of mental function and peripheral neuropathy responded incompletely to treatment in both the short-and the long-term. The overall setting for the development of Wernicke's encephalopathy appears to be chronic alcohol abuse, accompanied by cerebral "atrophy" and liver disease, but often without gross evidence of malnutrition.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type II and partial lipodystrophy in an adult.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type II is commonly seen in patients with the rare disorder, partial lipodystrophy. This disease complex, although usually seen in the pediatric or young adult age group, should be considered in older patients with characteristic loss of facial fat and signs and symptoms of nephritis. A case of partial lipodystrophy with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type II in an older patient demonstrates the characteristic ultrastructural renal findings.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1986

Muscle fiber selectivity of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis (1983).

The biceps, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and soleus muscles of female Rockland Wistar mice infected with either 1,000 Trichinella spiralis or 1,000 Trichinella pseudospiralis larvae were removed on days 12, 14, 16, and 18 post-infection (PI), sectioned and stained histochemically for their myosin ATPase activity. Light microscopic examination of the sections revealed that larvae of T. spiralis invade only the slow twitch muscle fibers, and those of T. pseudospiralis invade both the fast twitch and the slow twitch fibers. In sections obtained from mice infected with either parasite and killed on days 16 and 18 PI, identification of the majority of the infected fibers as fast twitch or slow twitch was not possible due to pathological modification of infected fibers.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1985

Jejunal uptake of thiamin hydrochloride in man: influence of alcoholism and alcohol.

The jejunal uptake of 35S-thiamin hydrochloride was examined using an intestinal perfusion technique in six young students (group 1), 12 recently drinking alcoholic men (group 3) and in 6 non-drinking men age-matched with the alcoholic men (group 2). The acute effect of alcohol on thiamin uptake was also examined in the alcoholic subjects. At a perfusate thiamin concentration of 0.5 mumol/l, median thiamin uptake was 34.4, 10.4, and 6.8 ng/cm/min in groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively, while for 8.0 mumol thiamin/l, median uptake was 277.2, 102.3, and 98.0 ng/cm/min for these groups respectively. Alcohol, 50 g/l, added to the perfusate gave a 28.9% decrease in uptake of 0.5 microM thiamin, which was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that neither alcoholism nor acute exposure to alcohol limits jejunal uptake of thiamin hydrochloride. Differences noted between young and old controls need further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Modulation of host response by Trichinella pseudospiralis.

Measurement of myeloperoxidase activity in the muscles of mice infected with Trichinella pseudospiralis, T. spiralis or both helminths allowed quantitation of host inflammatory response to the parasite. Infection of the host with T. pseudospiralis alone was accompanied by less inflammation in host diaphragm muscle than was the case in hosts infected with T. spiralis alone. A dramatic reduction in inflammation around s.c. implanted cotton string was observed in mice infected with T. pseudospiralis alone below that seen in uninfected mice. Concurrent infection of the host with T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis resulted in a lowering of myositis below that seen in the diaphragm muscles of mice infected with T. spiralis alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional status in hospital inpatients: implications for nutritional support services.

In a population of 473 inpatients, a profile of nutritional status from obesity to marasmic-kwashiokor was observed. Thirty-two per cent of the population were overweight or obese (n = 153), forty-five per cent were of normal weight (n = 211), 8% were at risk of protein-energy malnutrition (n = 39), and 15% (n = 70) had grades of protein-energy malnutrition from marasmus to marasmic-kwashiokor. The implications for improved nutritional support services for hospitalised patients are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Proximity and hierarchy: orthogonal dimensions of family interconnectedness.

The purpose of this research was to develop logical and empirically valid conceptual tools for investigating relationships between family patterns of interconnectedness and psychosocial functioning of children in the family. The family systems concept of boundary was analyzed into two component concepts: Proximity (interpersonal boundaries) and generational Hierarchy (subsystem boundaries). These concepts were operationalized as dimensions, and eight families were assessed by means of interaction coding, interview, and Kinetic Family Drawing to yield empirical verification of these dimensions. Findings indicated that Proximity and Hierarchy are reliable, valid, and independent dimensions of family interconnectedness. Weak generational Hierarchy was associated with increased levels of psychological dysfunction for both identified patients and their siblings. High Proximity was similarly associated with psychological dysfunction, but only for identified patients. The hypothesis that enmeshment is a composite pattern of high Proximity and weak Hierarchy was disconfirmed. Suggestions for future research include systemic analysis of deviation-counteracting and -amplifying relationships between patterns of Proximity and Hierarchy, on the one hand, and psychosocial dysfunction, on the other.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Inservice training.

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Central Supply, Hospital↗
PubMed1984

Confidential paediatric inquiry into neonatal deaths in Wessex, 1981 and 1982.

From 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1982, 66 256 births and 386 neonatal deaths were recorded in the Wessex Regional Health Authority, giving a neonatal mortality of 5.8/1000 live births. An experienced consultant paediatrician undertook a confidential inquiry into each death shortly after it had been reported. One hundred and forty four deaths (37%) were found to be due to lethal or severe malformations, an incidence of 2.2/1000 births. Of the 242 normally formed infants, 111 (46%) died within 24 hours of birth. Seventy seven (32%) weighed over 2500 g at birth. Factors operating before delivery accounted for 104 (43%) of the deaths of normally formed infants. The commonest factors were short gestation and low birth weight, and intrauterine hypoxia and birth injury. Factors after delivery accounted for 81 deaths (33%), the commonest being infections and sudden infant deaths. In the remaining 57 deaths (24%) it seemed that a combination of factors before and after birth had led to the death. Factors before birth thus played a part in two thirds of all deaths. Possible adverse factors in medical care were sought in 154 potentially viable babies and were identified in 38--that is, 10% of all neonatal deaths. Better provision and training of district staff in immediate care at birth would achieve more in lowering neonatal mortality in Wessex than the setting up of a regional unit specializing in advanced neonatal intensive care. Moreover, the greatest scope for improving the outcome of childbirth in Wessex would be offered if there were further advances in obstetric rather than neonatal care.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1984

Phospholipids in tracheal effluent from infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome.

The physiologic aberration that causes abnormal alveolar surface tension in the lungs of infants with RDS was investigated by measuring relative quantities of surfactant-related phospholipids in tracheal effluent from infants with RDS. A preliminary study in premature lambs demonstrated that the percent DSPC (molar ratio of DSPC to total phospholipid) is similar in tracheal effluent and lung lavagate. The percent DSPC in tracheal effluent from human infants with RDS was similar to the percent DSPC in effluent from non-RDS infants on the first day of life (47.4% +/- 2.9 vs 46.7% +/- 1.2), and remained constant during the first 8 days of life. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was universally absent in effluent from RDS infants on the first and second day of life but appeared by the eighth day of life in all infants who remained intubated. PG was present in tracheal effluent from only 10 of 16 non-RDS infants on the first day of life. These findings suggest that, in regard to the surface-active lecithin content, surfactant from RDS infants is qualitatively normal and that the absence of RDS is not dependent on the presence of PG.

Animals↗