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Biomedical subjects

B W Wright

Publications and source records attributed to B W Wright.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Rapid and high resolution capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and SFC/MS of trichothecene mycotoxins.

The potential application of capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and SFC/mass spectrometry (SFC/MS) for the separation and analysis of mycotoxins of the trichothecene group was examined. Trichothecenes present significant analytical problems for both gas and liquid chromatography with a major difficulty for the latter being the lack of sufficiently sensitive and selective detectors. Supercritical carbon dioxide mobile phases at temperatures up to 100 degrees C were used with deactivated fused silica columns coated with crosslinked stationary phases. Separations were obtained under pressure ramped conditions using long (15 m) 50-micron i.d. columns for several trichothecenes (diacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin) and related higher molecular weight macrocyclic (roridin and verrucarin) trichothecenes. In addition, new rapid pressure programming techniques with short (less than 2m) 25- to 50-micron i.d. capillary columns were used to obtain fast separations in as little as 1 min. SFC/MS with ammonia chemical ionization provided high selectivity and sensitive detection (with approximately 1-pg detection limits) for trichothecene mixtures. The extension to complex sample matrices is discussed and the application of selective MS/MS detection is demonstrated.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Health care planning: acts, agencies, and activities of the federal government.

Healthh care planning and provision are societal responsibilities supported by the federal government since 1798. To maximize benefits of money spent on health care during the past two decades, the federal government created in succession Regional Medical Programs, Medicare and Medicaid, area-wide Comprehensive Health Planning Agencies, and Professional Standards Review Organizations, and enacted the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. Health care planning consists of three phases: assessment, planning, and implementation. Intrinsic to these activities are decisions concerning the extent to which society is willing to devote its resources, the types of health care to be given, and to whom services will be rendered.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1980

Three rat monoclonal antibodies to human C3.

Three monoclonal antibodies to human C3 have been obtained from a fusion of the rat myeloma line Y3 Ag 1.2.3. with spleen cells from rats immunized against C3. One, from clone 4, reacts with an antigenic determinant in C3c showing the expected reactivity of the 'C' antigen of C3. The specificity of the other two monoclonal antibodies correspond less clearly with known C3 antigens. By agglutination analysis of complement coated cells the determinant reacting with clone 3 is present in C3d while that for clone 9 appears as a neoantigen on C3bi. In both cases the co-precipitation results are anomalous and more direct studies are needed to define the exact specificity. The possibility that internal sequence duplications in C3 may explain some anomalies is discussed. None of the monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibit C3 functions. The monoclonal antibodies have been found to have unusual properties in co-precipitation assays being able to diffuse through a precipitation line with which they react to react with a further line. One antibody is also able to react strongly with the anodal half of what appears as a single line with a polyclonal antiserum.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Lipoxygenic micromethod for specific determination of lipase activity in serum and duodenal fluid.

We propose a rapid enzymatic micromethod for the specific determination of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activity in serum and duodenal fluid. Free linoleic acid produced during 10-min incubation of 10 mul of sample with 1 ml of substrate (trillinolein emulsion) at 30 degrees C is converted by lipoxygenase (EC 1.99.2.1), in a coupled reaction, to its hydroperoxide, which is measured photometrically after solubilizing the reaction mixture in ethanol. Lipase activity is calculated from the rate of hydroperoxide formation, with linoleic acid as primary standard. The velocity of the reaction is greatest at pH 8.8, 35-37 degrees C, and a deoxycholate concentration of 3.6 mmol/liter. The energy of activation is 6.7 kcal/mol. The differing "apparent" Km values obtained for lipase in undiluted serum (4 X 10(-5) mol/liter) and in albumin-based diluents (1 X 10(-5) mol/liter) indicate the presence of a competitive inhibitor in the serum matrix. We detected no lipase activity in urine. Results by the proposed method correlate well with those by a copper soap extraction method (r = 0.95), but values are significantly higher for pancreatitis patients' sera (slope 1.6). The linear dynamic range extends to 1000 U/liter. Hemolysis, lipemia, and hyperbilirubinemia do not interfere. The normal range is 40-60 U/liter. Lipase activity of pancreatitis patients generally exceed 1000 U/liter during the acute phase and 250 U/liter for as long as 10 days after it.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

Pathways of carbohydrate oxidation during thermogenesis by the spadix of Arum maculatum.

1. The aims of this work were to discover the pathways of carbohydrate oxidation prior to and during thermogenesis by the club of the spadix of Arum maculatum, and whether there was coarse control of these pathways. 2. 14C02 production from [1-14C]-, [3,4-14C]-, and [6-14C]glucose, the detailed distribution of 14C from [1-14C]- and [6-14C]glucose, and the maximum catalytic activities of phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were determined at different stages in the development of the spadix. The results indicate that in the early stages carbohydrate is oxidized via both the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, and that a shift to glycolysis occurs during development so that just before and during thermogenesis glycolysis predominates almost exclusively. 3. During development the activities of phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase per club increased 100- ans during spadix development, and indicated that the onset of rapid glycolysis at thermogenesis is regulated by fine control or availability of substrate.

Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase↗
PubMed1975

New, simple maltogenic assay for mechanized determination of alpha-amylase activity in serum and urine.

We report a new method for the mechanized determination of serum and urinary alpha-amylase by use of a continuous-flow system, based on the measurement of maltose formed by incubating the sample with amylodextrin at pH 7 and 40 degrees C. After dialysis, maltose is converted enzymatically to glucose, which is measured by Trinder's glucose oxidase-peroxidase method [J. Clin. Pathol. 22, 246 (1969)]. The reaction is linear for amylase activities up to 1400 Somogyi units/dl (2560 U/liter) and for maltose concentrations through 1500 mg/dl. No blank assay is required; consequently precision is improved and the automated system is simplified. Calibration with primary maltose standards increases accuracy and reliability. Common reducing substances in serum and urine do not interfere at their normal concentrations. There is a linear correlation between the results of this method and those of chromogenic and iodometric methods for normal and pathologic sera and urines. The chromogenic method yields significantly higher results and the iodometric method significantly lower results than this maltogenic method for elevated amylase activities. The normal range is 40-140 Somogyi units/dl (73-256 U/liter).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementing DRGs.

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Costs and Cost Analysis↗