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Biomedical subjects

B W Scheithauer

Publications and source records attributed to B W Scheithauer.

438 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pituitary corticotroph hyperplasia preceding adenoma in a patient with Nelson's syndrome.

We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome. When she was 17 years old, transsphenoidal surgery was performed. A detailed morphologic study demonstrated nodular hyperplasia of corticotroph cells but no adenoma. Following a long-lasting remission (14 years), Cushing's disease recurred. After an unsuccessful second transsphenoidal surgery, Cushing's disease persisted and both adrenals were removed (at the age of 34). Subsequently the patient developed Nelson's syndrome. The pituitary tumor proved to be a corticotroph adenoma; it was removed by the transsphenoidal approach (at the age of 42). Although in most patients Cushing's disease is due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary corticotroph adenoma which precedes the manifestation of Nelson's syndrome, our case indicates not only that corticotroph hyperplasia may cause Cushing's disease but that it may exist before the development of Nelson's syndrome after the removal of both adrenals. Our study supports the view that protracted stimulation of corticotrophs resulting from the elimination of the negative inhibitory feedback effect by corticosteroids plays a role in adenoma initiation.

ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benign metastasizing leiomyomatosis with massive brachial plexus involvement mimicking neurofibromatosis type 1.

We report the case of a patient who presented with right arm and shoulder pain due to compression of the infraclavicular brachial plexus due to benign metastasizing leiomyomatosis (BML). She was initially and had been repeatedly misdiagnosed as having neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1). The diagnosis of BML was not obvious due to its rare nature, the patient's not detailing the specifics of her gynecologic history of having undergone resection of a large uterine leiomyoma and followed by disseminated pelvic leiomyomatous nodules, histologic misinterpretation of an extrauterine lesion of the spine and the brachial plexus as a neurofibroma and the radiologic diagnosis of lung nodules as being "non-specific" in nature. In addition and importantly, no clinical, radiographic or histologic features of NF 1 were present. Although a rare condition, BML should be considered in the differential diagnosis of NF and in patients having a history of uterine leiomyoma. The remarkable, selective involvement of the brachial plexus in this case is unexplained.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary intracranial choriocarcinoma: a case report.

A 10-year-old girl had a primary choriocarcinoma of the posterior third ventricle. Craniotomy a few hours before death did not yield any tumor tissue. At autopsy, an extensively hemorrhagic tumor abutted the pineal gland. Immunostains were positive for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) but were negative for alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen. The presence of beta-HCG in serum or cerebrospinal fluid may be used as a diagnostic marker and monitor of therapy. HCG is, however, not a unique marker for trophoblastic neoplasms, as a significant number of intracranial germinomas contain cells that are beta-HCG positive. Because of the rarity of primary extragenital choriocarcinomas and the much more common occurrence of metastases of genital choriocarcinomas, it is doubtful whether any investigation less than detailed autopsy can prove the extragenital origin of the tumor.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Intradural chordoma" or "giant ecchordosis physaliphora"? Report of two cases.

Two completely intradural extraosseous tumors with the histologic appearance of chordoma or ecchordosis physaliphora caused symptoms and, in 1 case, ultimately the death of a 44-year-old man. The literature contains 5 similar cases, 2 of which were associated with intratumoral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In view of the circumscribed nature of such tumors and their lack of osseous involvement, they lend themselves to surgical resection. These features may justify distinguishing "intradural chordoma" from classic chordoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rathke cleft cyst: CT, MR, and pathology of 23 cases.

OBJECTIVE: We report the radiologic findings in 23 cases of Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) and correlate them with the histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the radiology and pathology of 23 cases of surgically treated RCC operated upon at our institution or referred in consultation. RESULTS: There appears to be a correlation between the MR and CT appearance of the cyst, the gross appearance of the cyst contents, and the histopathologic characteristics of the cyst lining. Some of the lesions demonstrated peripheral enhancement, which in two cases was clearly due to a peripherally displaced rim of pituitary tissue. CONCLUSION: The appearance of RCC with CT and MRI is variable, and radiologic diagnosis can be difficult. Imaging features such as a sellar epicenter, smooth contour, absence of calcification, absence of internal enhancement, and homogeneous attenuation or signal intensity within the lesion suggest the diagnosis of RCC. Rim enhancement does not correlate with the presence of squamous metaplasia, hemosiderin, or cholesterol within the cyst wall and is not consistently seen in cases with changes of mild, chronic inflammation. In some cases, rim enhancement is due to a peripherally displaced rim of pituitary tissue.

Adolescent↗