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Biomedical subjects

B W Papermaster

Publications and source records attributed to B W Papermaster.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Classification of lung cancer patients and controls by chromatography of modified nucleosides in serum.

A wide spectrum of modified nucleosides has been quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography in serum of 49 male lung cancer patients, 35 patients with other cancers, and 48 patients hospitalized for nonneoplastic diseases. Data for 29 modified nucleoside peaks were normalized to an internal standard and analyzed by discriminant analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis. A model based on peaks selected by a stepwise discriminant procedure correctly classified 79% of the cancer and 75% of the noncancer subjects. It also demonstrated 84% sensitivity and 79% specificity when comparing lung cancer to noncancer subjects, and 80% sensitivity and 55% specificity in comparing lung cancer to other cancers. The nucleoside peaks having the greatest influence on the models varied dependent on the subgroups compared, confirming the importance of quantifying a wide array of nucleosides. These data support and expand previous studies which reported the utility of measuring modified nucleoside levels in serum and show that precise measurement of an array of 29 modified nucleosides in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV scanning with subsequent data modeling may provide a clinically useful approach to patient classification in diagnosis and subsequent therapeutic monitoring.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1988

Risk of breast cancer in relation to cigarette smoking.

To provide additional data on the smoking-breast cancer association, a case-control study of 456 cases of breast cancer and 1693 matched controls was conducted among participants in a cancer screening program. The adjusted risk of breast cancer for current smokers was 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.90). Analysis of smoking habits restricted to premenopausal women revealed a risk estimate of 2.33 (confidence interval, 1.10 to 4.96) among current smokers and increasing linear trends in risk for number of cigarettes smoked per day and for number of years of smoking. Although smokers had an earlier natural menopause than nonsmokers, there was no evidence of a protective effect of early menopause after adjustment for other factors. These findings suggest that smoking may increase the incidence of breast cancer, especially in premenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phase I clinical trial of MAF containing preparation of RPMI-1788 B-cell human lymphoblastoid lymphokine in advanced cancer patients.

We report a summary of a Phase I clinical trial of the partially purified MAF-containing supernatant of RPMI-1788 human B-cell lymphoblastoid lymphokine conducted in 39 patients with advanced cancer. The trial was conducted in four parts: two subcutaneous and two intravenous routes and schedules of administration. Dose limiting toxicity in the subcutaneous trials was volume dependent. The intravenous trial was remarkably well tolerated so that the maximum tolerable dose exceeded expectations. The study demonstrated modification of the immune system including an increase in skin test reactivity, an increase in absolute lymphocyte counts, alteration in the monoclonal lymphocyte antibody markers, and an increase in MAF activity. Toxicity in the intravenous trial was limited to transient febrile reactions that were ameliorated by increasing the infusion time. Three objective tumor responses were observed.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1983

Lymphokine-stimulated macrophage phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres: a rapid new assay.

A highly sensitive and rapid in vitro macrophage phagocytosis assay is described for screening of lymphokine preparations with macrophage activating properties. Non-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated on glass slides for 60 min in the presence of fluorescent 2 micron latex beads and partially purified lymphokine fractions or media control. Lymphokine samples were prepared from culture supernatants of the B lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI 1788 by high performance liquid chromatography of a soluble trichloroacetic acid extract of concentrated culture supernatant. Phagocytosis was measured by direct counts of the percent phagocytic cells and the number of intracellular beads per 100 cells as seen by fluorescence microscopy. Phagocytic uptake in the presence of as little as 0.1 ng of active lymphokine could readily be determined qualitatively by correlation plots and quantitatively by appropriate statistical programs for data processing by computer. This technique provides a rapid, reproducible, screening assay for biological activity of macrophage activating lymphokines and other compounds affecting macrophage phagocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Lymphokine-mediated immunotherapy studies in mouse tumor systems.

Studies have been performed using two subcutaneously implanted mouse tumor models to investigate the immunotherapeutic potential of lymphokine-containing culture supernatants from long-term human lymphoblast cell cultures. Human lymphoblastoid cell line, RPMI 1788, was used as a cell culture source of lymphokines. Supernatants were removed from cultures at the stationary phase of growth and concentrated on Amicon filters retaining molecules above 10,000 Daltons. This concentrate was applied to a Sephadex G-25 column, equilibrated with ammonium bicarbonate buffer, for removal of salts and dye from the culture medium. The effluent was lyophilized and reconstituted for use in further purification by affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE gels. Such preparations were used to inject DBA/2 mice bearing subcutaneous L-1210 tumors. In addition, the B-16 melanoma was used as a model of a solid tumor in C57Bl/l mice. Animals were treated intralesionally and intraperitoneally with lymphokines containing preparations and control solutions. Tumors growing subcutaneously were susceptible to lymphokine-induced inflammation-mediated regression without additional therapy. In the study of L-1210 subcutaneous tumors, reduction in tumor size was followed by complete regression, prolonged survival, immunity to additional inoculation, and cures in 20--40% of the treated mice. Tumor regression and prolongation of survival were also noted in mice bearing B-16 melanomas. These studies support the use of mouse tumors as bioassays for antitumor inflammatory activity of human lymphokine preparations and help to quantitate their potential use in human tumor immunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The use of leukocyte cell line culture supernatant for skin reaction testing in malignant melanoma.

A study was conducted to determine some of the potential applications of a human leukocyte culture supernatant or "lymphokine" preparation in cancer patients. The application evaluated in this study was the use of this preparation as a skin test reagent for evaluation of the inflammatory response following intradermal injection. The preparation was derived from the supernatant of a long-term cultured lymphoblastoid cell line with migration inhibition factor (MIF) and other lymphokine activities. Dose response, histology and toxicity studies were done in 53 patients with malignant melanoma stage IIIB and IV. A dose response curve was observed for both erythema and induration at 12 and 24 hours, but not at 48 hours. An optimal intradermal dose for eliciting inflammation was determined and found to be five units. Histopathological evaluation of biopsy specimens showed a mixed cell reaction including granulocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes differing in lymphocyte content from the classical delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in man. Compared with the response to recall antigens, only a weak correlation with the DTH response to the recall antigens was found. Our results support the conclusion that lymphokines may be used in the future to evaluate the ability to develop nonspecific inflammation in cancer patients, and that this inflammatory response can be obtained in a number of patients no longer capable of responding to recall antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A new assay for rapid measurement of MIF levels by 3H-labelled cells in liquid scintillation counting vials: statistical implications for the measurement of migration inhibition.

A new quantitative assay for migration inhibitory factor (MIF) employs 3H-labelled cultured mouse or human lymphoid cells migrating from capillary tubes. Capillaries filled with labelled cells are placed in liquid scintillation counting vials, along with the MIF-containing sample and are removed at the end of a five-hour incubation period. The residual, labelled cells which have migrated out of the tubes are solubilized and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. While cultured lymphoblast cells are routinely used in the assay, the method was checked against mouse and guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells in both the labelled cell technique and the conventional chamber assay. The assay is technically simple to perform and a useful tool for laboratory research purposes because of the short span of time needed to obtain the results. These advantages indicate a potential for automation and use of this assay in a clinical immunology laboratory. Statistical analysis of data from both assays demonstrated that the relative variation among replicates is lower in the labelled cell assay. The new assay also measured a significant difference between controls and MIF-containing samples when the migration index (MI) was greater than 80%. Criteria for significant inhibition of migration are discussed in regard to the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other statistical procedures, and the inadequacy of a single measure, such as the MI, is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A rapid quantitative assay for lymphotoxin.

A rapid quantitative assay for lymphotoxin was developed with the use of a mouse cultured lymphoid cell line, L1210 as the target cell. The assay produces results which are substantially in agreement with assays employing fibroblasts as targets. After incubation with lymphotoxin containing samples, target cells were labelled with [3H]thymidine and harvested with a Multiple Automated Sample Harvester (MASH). The MASH allows multiple replicates to be obtained from which the calculation of an I50 (50% inhibition) point and lymphotoxin specific activities can be performed with high statistical reliability by means of probit transformation and analysis.

Animals↗