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Biomedical subjects

B Vialettes

Publications and source records attributed to B Vialettes.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Artificial pancreas: study methods and control of glycemia equilibrium in diabetic patients].

The artificial endocrine pancreas or artificial beta cell, consists of a continuous blood glucose monitoring system, a computered set-up which responds to glycemia and the hormone delivery system. This system provides a technique which can completely normalize blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients, during both food assumption and after. This paper deals with the characteristics of the artificial beta cell, its possible applications and its limits.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed1979

[Blood concentration in glycosylated hemoglobin. Index in diabetic control time (author's transl)].

To estimate during which period of time the degree of diabetes control is integrated by the level of glycosylated hemoglobin two approachs were used. Hb-g was assayed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in insulin-dependent diabetics and compared to the degree of control over a 3 months period. Control was evaluated by the semiquantitative urine test for sugar "Clinitest" three time a day. Hb-g correlated highly with last month glycosuria, but not as well with those of the two preceding months. These later correlation in fact reflected the stability of control over the three months. In 7 incipient insulin dependent diabetics in whom normal glycaemia was achieved abruptly and maintained for more than one month, Hb-g fell to normal within one month and therefore did not reflect the prexisting hyperglycemia. Hb-g integrates precisely the degree of diabetes control, but over a one month period only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Lewis antigen and diabetes].

The Lewis negative (Le a--b--) red blood cell phenotype was observed three times more frequently in 170 diabetics (29%) irrespective of their clinical type and in 27 non-diabetics low insulin responders to glucose than in 100 controls (10%). This difference could not be accounted for by factors influencing the serological typing ("ABH secretion and ABO groups) nor by the geographic origin of the populations tested. The Lewis substances are primarly soluble antigens present in blood, saliva, others fluids and absorbed on red blood cells. In 50 diabetics saliva was also analysed. Blood cell and saliva results were concordant allowing to interpret the Lewis negative blood cell phenotype as reflecting the absence of Lewis antigen. The higher frequency of Lewis negative phenotype was not related to the severity or the duration of the diabetes and therefore was unlikely to depend on metabolic factors. The similarity between the results for juvenile and maturity onset diabetes seems to indicate that these two clinical types of diabetes are genetically related. Furthermore, the same results obtained in low insulin responders afford additional support for considering these subjects as potential diabetics. It probably indicates, in the diabetic population, an increased frequency of le/le genotype or of one or several genes inhibiting the expression of Le.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

Defective acute insulin secretion in diabetics. Differences between normal weight and obese subjects.

The acute insulin responses to intravenous glucose and tolbutamide were studied serially in middle aged subjects with a wide spectrum of glucose tolerance. Eighty were of normal weight, 102 frankly obese. In normal weight patients, insulin response to glucose, subnormal in chemical diabetes, was almost absent when fasting blood glucose was elevated. Tolbutamide evoked a normal response provided that the fasting blood glucose was lower than 125 mg/100 ml. The response decreased dramatically thereafter. In the obese the response decreased dramatically thereafter. In the obese the response to glucose was decreased in chemical diabetics compared to non-diabetics, but failed completely only when the fasting glycemia exceeded 200 mg/100 ml. The response to tolbutamide decreased only with fasting glycemia in excess of 200 mg/100 ml. When insulin responses were expressed relative to basal insulin values the differences between non diabetic obese and normal weight subjects disappeared but this was not true of the other categories. These findings demonstrate that the B-cell responses differ not only quantitatively but also in kind between normal weight and obese diabetics. Six cases of incipient juvenile diabetes (100 less than fasting blood glucose less than 125 mg/100 ml) showed no insulin response to glucose nor to tolbutamide in contrast to the comparable weight group of maturity onset diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[A method of studying insulin secretion in humans: the glucose stimulation test, followed by tolbutamide].

Various parameters of the insulin secretion in man may be appreciated and calculated by studying the insulin response to an intravenous pulse of glucose followed 120 minutes later by one of tolbutamide. The relative insensitivity of the B cell to glucose, probable marker of a constitutional pancreatic predisposition to diabetes may be assessed in a given individual whatever his age and body weight. The glucose intolerance per se is due to, or accompagnied by various B cell dysfunctions according to its etiology. This is illustrated by the results observed in chronic pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, aged or obese subjects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Toxic thyroid adenoma and malignant hypercalcemia of parathyroid origin].

Malignant hypercalcemia due to the association of hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism is rare. We report a case with a fatal course in spite of surgical treatment of both lesions. Death occurred seven days after the operation due to ventricular tachycardia, in spite of return to normal of the calcemia, the serum phosphorus, the serum electrolytes and relief of the thyro-toxicosis. There is a great deal of histopathological evidence for the association of a toxic parathyroid carcinoma and a thyroid adenoma.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obesity and diabetes.

Fat mass per se has little effect on the progression of obesity towards diabetes. Predominance of fat in the upper part of the body resulting in android obesity is at least the clinical reflection of factors which lead obesity to progress towards diabetes and atherosclerosis. Therefore this type of obesity may be termed diabetogenic and atherogenic obesity. Insulin and cortisol secretion in obesity are not correlated with body fat but with the predominance of fat in the upper part of the body. Diabetogenic obesity may evolve through 5 stages from initial obesity without diabetes to insulin-dependent diabetes in previously obese subjects. Aside from the characteristics of body fat distribution, the mechanisms which induce or interrupt this progression remain unknown.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical characteristics and etiological markers in insulin-dependent diabetes associated with an organ-specific autoimmune disease.

Thirty-four insulin-dependent diabetics with a coexistent organ-specific autoimmune disease (Graves' disease, primary myxedema, adrenal insufficiency, generalized vitiligo, primary biliary cirrhosis) were compared to 100 insulin-dependent patients in whom no obvious etiology was detectable. The autoimmune group was characterized by a predominance of females, a family history of autoimmune disease, a later age at onset, better glycemic control, low insulin requirement, persistence of ICA, and greater frequency of HLA B8 but not of B18. However, there was a large overlap between the two groups for all these criteria. In addition, a family history of IDD in first degree relatives and the frequency of serum positive for neutralizing anti-Coxsackie B antibodies were identical in the two groups. These results do not justify the separation of this group of patients as having purely autoimmune diabetes, to the exclusion of other etiological factors, whether genetic or viral.

Adult↗