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Biomedical subjects

B Vessby

Publications and source records attributed to B Vessby.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Serum lipid changes during acitretin (etretin) treatment of psoriasis and palmo-plantar pustulosis.

The effects of acitretin (free acid of etretinate) on the serum lipoprotein pattern and on the fat elimination in serum of 8 patients with psoriasis and 4 with palmo-plantar pustulosis were studied. The drug was given for 12 weeks; the average daily dose was 40 mg. Lipoprotein analyses and an intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) were performed on three occasions (before, after 8 weeks' treatment, as well as 8 weeks after the end of the treatment). Acitretin increased the triglyceride concentration of the very low density lipoproteins by about 50% (p less than 0.02) and reduced the cholesterol of the high density lipoproteins significantly (p less than 0.001), leading to an increased low density/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (p less than 0.02). The IVFTT indicated a lowering of the fat elimination capacity. All changes reverted to the original values after an 8-week wash-out period. The data suggest that the effects of acitretin on the lipoprotein metabolism resemble those of etretinate and isotretinoin.

Acitretin↗
PubMed1988

Effects of four meals with different kinds of dietary fibre on glucose metabolism in healthy subjects and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

The effects of four mixed meals on glucose metabolism were studied during a 4-h period in 12 healthy women and in 13 women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Three test meals containing different types of dietary fibre in realistic amounts (cereal, leguminous and mixed-fibre), and one control meal were prepared. Each meal was calculated to contain 2.1 MJ (500 kcal) and the energy distributions of protein, fat and carbohydrate (by difference) were 15, 29-31 and 56-58 per cent, respectively. Results of analyses of the mixed meals, performed after the clinical study, showed unexpectedly large deviations from the calculated values regarding digestible carbohydrates in the leguminous meal. In the healthy group the blood glucose concentrations after the four meals did not differ significantly. In the diabetic group the area under the curve of blood glucose values was significantly smaller after both the leguminous meal and that containing mixed dietary fibre than after the control meal (P less than 0.001). There were also significant differences in blood glucose between the cereal meal and the leguminous and mixed-fibre meals (P less than 0.001), and between the leguminous meal and the mixed-fibre meal (P less than 0.05). In the healthy group the insulin response was significantly lower after the leguminous meal than after the control meal (P less than 0.05) whilst the diabetic group showed lower insulin responses after all the high-fibre test meals. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were similar after the different meals. The lower content of digestible carbohydrates, especially in the leguminous meal, complicates the interpretation of the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Serum lipoproteins in middle-aged men with psoriasis.

Elevated serum triglyceride and low serum HDL cholesterol levels have been reported to be risk factors for occlusive vascular disease. In 20 middle-aged men with psoriasis the serum lipoprotein pattern was compared with that in a group of healthy middle-aged men. In thirteen of the 20 patients the psoriasis was mild to moderate and in seven patients it was severe and widespread. Both groups of patients had elevated levels of both VLDL and LDL triglycerides. They also showed a tendency towards higher VLDL and lower HDL cholesterol levels than the controls. The abnormalities were more pronounced in patients with severe psoriasis. The lipoprotein pattern found in this study may possibly indicate that psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1987

Plasma fat elimination tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma fatty acid composition during sequential treatment with etretinate and isotretinoin.

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying retinoid-induced hyperlipidemia, the effects of etretinate (Tigason) and isotretinoin (Roaccutane) on two different plasma fat elimination variables and on the plasma fatty acid composition were studied. Twelve patients with various hyperkeratotic disorders participated in a double-blind cross-over study of etretinate and isotretinoin. Each drug was given for 8 weeks with an 8-week intermission. On five occasions an intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) was performed and the lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle was measured. Isotretinoin significantly reduced the fat elimination rate as measured by IVFTT (p less than 0.001) and also decreased the muscle LPLA (p less than 0.05). The etretinate-induced depression of these variables was not statistically significant. The LPLA of adipose tissue and the plasma fatty acid composition were not markedly altered by any of the drugs. The observed changes are probably not sufficient to entirely explain retinoid-induced hyperlipidemia but the results strengthen the opinion that plasma lipid metabolism is more unfavourably affected by isotretinoin than etretinate.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Hypertriglyceridemia--acute pancreatitis--ischemic heart disease. A case study in a pair of monozygotic twins.

Hyperlipoproteinemia type V, with serum triglyceride concentrations of about 20 mmol/l, was detected in a pair of monozygotic, 40-year-old twin brothers. One of them had had recurrent attacks of pancreatitis, the other not. The endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions were apparently normal, supporting that the pancreatitis was secondary to the hypertriglyceridemia. After successful lipid-lowering therapy the attacks of abdominal pain disappeared and remained absent during a 13-year follow-up period. The other twin died of ischemic heart disease nine years after the discovery of his lipid abnormality. The reduction of his lipid levels had been much less successful. His average "atherogenic index" (the ratio of cholesterol in low density to that in high density lipoproteins) was normal but increased to a very high value if cholesterol in very low density lipoproteins was also included together with the low density ones in the numerator. Lipoprotein particles modified in composition may have contributed to an increased uptake through a scavenger pathway and promoted atherosclerosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Lipoprotein composition of human suction-blister interstitial fluid.

Interstitial fluid (IF) was obtained in 27 apparently healthy subjects (12 males, 15 females) by applying mild suction (200-250 mm Hg) on the skin either on the midvolar forearm or on the paraumbilical region of the abdomen. The IF concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) were studied and compared with those of serum (S). The mean ratio between interstitial fluid and serum (IF/S ratio) varied from 0.14 for forearm apoE to 0.29 for apoA-II on the abdomen. This ratio was consistently lower for apoE, C-II, C-III, and B than for apoA-I and A-II, and significantly lower on the arm than on the abdomen for all apolipoproteins studied. The IF/S ratios showed marked variations among individuals. However, interstitial fluid apolipoprotein concentrations at different blister sites were highly correlated within each individual. Studies with agarose gel electrophoresis and density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that large triglyceride-rich particles were virtually lacking in interstitial fluid and that the relation between the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) was shifted towards a greater proportion of HDL. The lipoprotein distribution in the HDL range of interstitial fluid differed from that of serum showing one maximum at a density of about 1.070 g/ml (serum HDL2 about 1.090 g/ml) and one at a density of 1.130-1.140 g/ml (serum HDL3, 1.110-1.120 g/ml). The former subfraction contained most of the lipoprotein-bound apoE while the latter contained the major part of apoA-I and apoA-II. Studies of the lipoproteins of interstitial fluid may add to our understanding of the development of atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis and may also provide valuable information on the permeability of the capillary membrane in normo- and pathophysiological states.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of leguminous seeds in a mixed diet in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

The effects of moderate addition of leguminous seeds to a mixed diabetic diet were evaluated in 15 inadequately controlled patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A control diet and a diet with an increased content of peas and beans (leguminous diet) were given consecutively for a 3-week period each on a metabolic ward. Seven of the patients started with the control diet and 8 with the leguminous diet. On an energy basis the diets comprised 20% protein and 33-34% fat, the ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids was 1.4. The analysed dietary fibre contents of the control and leguminous diets were 24 and 37 g/day per 6.7 MJ (1,600 kcal) respectively. The content of digestible carbohydrates was similar in the 2 diets. The mean body weight did not differ after the 2 dietary treatment periods. All patients showed improved glucose control during treatment irrespective of the type of diet given. The fasting blood glucose concentration on admission was 14.3 +/- 0.9 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM). This value had decreased to 9.9 +/- 0.8 during the last week of the control period and to 9.7 +/- 0.6 during the last week of the leguminous diet period. The mean postprandial glucose concentration at 3 pm was significantly lower during the leguminous diet period. The mean urine glucose excretion was significantly lower during the leguminous diet period. The fasting serum lipid concentrations decreased during treatment with each diet, but there were no significant differences between these values at the end of the 2 diet treatment periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1987

Serum lipoprotein in active rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory arthritides. I. Relativity to inflammatory activity.

Lipoprotein metabolism was investigated in 69 patients with untreated active rheumatoid arthritis (n = 48) and in seronegative spondylarthropathies (n = 21). The patients had high inflammatory activity as measured by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (CRP). Serum cholesterol and cholesterol levels in the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein fractions were reduced by 20% to 30% compared with healthy controls; and triglyceride levels in VLDL and high-density lipoprotein were reduced by 10% to 30%. There were significant correlations between the inflammatory activity and certain lipoprotein lipids, ie, between CRP and VLDL triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, and serum triglycerides. The fractional elimination rate (K2) measured by an intravenous fat tolerance test was 30% higher in the patients than in the controls despite reduced tissue lipoprotein lipase activities. There was correlation between CRP and the K2 value. These findings suggest that it is the degree of inflammatory activity that governs the altered lipoprotein metabolism in untreated active chronic inflammatory arthritides. The relationships between CRP and VLDL and between CRP and K2 suggest that the VLDL particles may be altered by inflammatory process, and that the increased elimination may take place through the "scavenger pathway."

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Serum lipoprotein in active rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory arthritides. II. Effects of anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying drug treatment.

Serum lipids and lipoprotein patterns were prospectively analyzed in 33 previously untreated patients with active chronic inflammatory arthritides during different anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying drug regimens. Before treatment the lipoprotein pattern was characterized by low cholesterol concentrations in all lipoprotein fractions and low triglyceride concentrations in the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction as well as in the high-density lipoprotein fraction. During treatment with prednisolone combined with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide (n = 10), a reduction of the disease activity was achieved and the lipoprotein pattern was normalized; similar results were noted in a small group of patients (n = 4) treated with prednisolone alone while nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy (n = 9) neither significantly affected the lipoprotein pattern nor the inflammatory activity measured by the acute-phase reactants. The long-term treatment with penicillamine (n = 4) and chloroquine (n = 6) induced both a clinical remission of the disease and a reduction of the inflammatory activity. The lipoprotein concentrations started to reverse to the normal values during penicillamine treatment. In contrast, in the chloroquine-treated group the alterations in lipoprotein lipid concentrations were further pronounced, ie, the cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum and the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

HDL from type III dysbetalipoproteinaemic patients show decreased capacity to inhibit VLDL uptake in rat liver endothelial cells.

The saturable uptake and degradation of 125I-labelled human very low density lipoproteins in cultured rat liver endothelial cells could be effectively inhibited by high density lipoproteins (HDL) from normal subjects. Up to eight times more HDL (in relation to cholesterol content) was needed from patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) type III to give the same inhibition. The HDL apolipoprotein (apo) E concentrations that were needed to give the same inhibition as normal HDL apo E were between 3 and 50 times higher in HLP type III. Our results suggest that the lipoprotein abnormality in HLP type III not only affects chylomicron remnant metabolism but also the composition and function of HDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of the effects of bisoprolol and atenolol on lipoprotein concentrations and blood pressure.

Forty-two patients (28 men, 14 women, age range 27-65 years) with newly discovered mild to moderate hypertension were randomly allocated to treatment with either bisoprolol or atenolol for a double-blind comparison of these two beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. Two doses of each drug (10 and 20 mg/d for bisoprolol and 50 and 100 mg/d for atenolol) were given, each dose for a 3-month period, the dose to be given first being decided by random allocation of the patients. During the second 3-month period, the patient received the alternative dose. After treatment for 6 and 12 weeks with each dose, the blood pressure, heart rate, and lipoprotein concentrations were checked. Bisoprolol treatment (both 10 and 20 mg) resulted in a decrease in blood pressure in the supine position from 154/100 to 138/89 mm Hg; and atenolol treatment resulted in decreases from 161/102 to 145/90 mm Hg (50 mg/d) and 146/91 mm Hg (100 mg/d). The drugs and doses did not differ in their effect. The triglyceride content in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) increased during treatment with bisoprolol (10 mg/d) from 1.04 to 1.31 mmol/l (p less than 0.05); during treatment with atenolol (100 mg/d) it increased from 0.90 to 1.14 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). The cholesterol content in low density lipoproteins did not change, but that in high density lipoproteins (HDL) decreased during treatment with both drugs (from 1.22 to 1.10 mmol/l with bisoprolol 20 mg/d, p less than 0.01: and from 1.21 to 1.13 mmol/l with atenolol 100 mg/d, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Effects of dietary supplementation with n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on serum lipoproteins and platelet function in hypertriglyceridaemic patients.

Twenty-seven patients with hypertriglyceridaemia were given dietary supplementation either with evening primrose oil rich in gammalinolenic acid (GLA, 18:3 n-6) (n = 13) or a marine oil concentrate containing n-3 fatty acids (n = 14) in a double-blind cross-over design during 8 + 8 weeks with olive oil as placebo. During GLA supplementation, increases in GLA and dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3 n-6) were found in plasma lipid esters and platelet phospholipids, whereas platelet function and serum lipoproteins were unaffected. During supplementation with n-3 fatty acids there was a significant decrease in triglycerides in all lipoprotein fractions with a slight increase in high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. A marked increase in the long-chain n-3 fatty acids was found both in plasma and platelets, mainly at the expense of the n-6 fatty acids. No pronounced effects on platelet reactivity could be demonstrated. Our results confirm a triglyceride-lowering effect of n-3 fatty acids, whereas no such effect of GLA could be demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

High content of dietary linoleic acid does not reduce platelet reactivity in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Seventeen patients with hypertriglyceridaemia were given a lipid-lowering diet with a high P/S-ratio 2.1 during a 3-week period. The very low density lipoprotein triglycerides decreased by 43%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 19% and high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12%. There was a marked increase of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) in all plasma lipid esters with a concomitant decrease of the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. There was a slight increase of the linoleic acid metabolites 18:3 n-6, 20:3 n-6 and 20:4 n-6 in serum triglycerides whereas the fatty acids of the n-3 series decreased in all plasma lipid esters. In the platelets a similar pattern was found with an increase of linoleic acid and its metabolite 22:4 n-6 and a decrease of 18:1 n-9 as well as of the n-3 fatty acids. No significant differences in platelet reactivity was found. However, in a few patients there was an increased platelet aggregation after the diet period. Our results suggest that this diet based on a very high content of linoleic acid may not affect platelet reactivity in a beneficial way. The reason may be an increased turnover of arachidonic acid in the platelets or an imbalance between the n-6 and n-3 series of fatty acids.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Serum and interstitial fluid apolipoprotein E levels in the healthy and in hyperlipoproteinemia type III as studied by radioimmunoassay.

In order to study the relationships between serum lipoprotein lipid concentrations and the concentrations of apo E in serum and interstitial fluid, we have developed a specific, sensitive and rapid radioimmunoassay for this apolipoprotein. Studies of the interstitial fluid lipoproteins and of the gradient between the lipoprotein concentrations in interstitial fluid and serum may add to our understanding of the development of atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis. Serum, interstitial fluid, lipoproteins or standards were incubated with 125I-labelled apo E and rabbit antiserum against apo E for 90-120 min at room temperature. The immune complexes were harvested with the use of formalin-treated staphylococci. The displacement curves produced by standard and samples of serum, interstitial fluid and isolated lipoproteins were linear in logit-log plots and had identical slopes. Delipidation did not change the results and the recovery of added apo E to a serum sample was 96 +/- 5% (n = 5). Apo E was found in all major lipoprotein classes and the concentrations of apo E in serum and in interstitial fluid were 36 +/- 19 mg/l and 8 +/- 4 mg/l, respectively, in normals (n = 21) and 305 +/- 125 mg/ml and 20 +/- 9 mg/l, respectively, in patients with HLP type III (n = 11). Highly significant positive correlations were found in HLP type III between the interstitial fluid level of apo E and the corresponding concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride. Interstitial fluid apo E concentrations were significantly correlated to apo E but not to the lipid levels in serum, indicating that only some subclasses of the serum lipoproteins are transported to the interstitial compartment.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed1985

Uptake and degradation of human very-low-density lipoproteins by rat liver endothelial cells in culture.

Rat liver endothelial cells in primary cultures take up and degrade 125I-labelled human very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in a saturable fashion at physiological triacylglycerol concentrations. The iodinated VLDL are readily taken up by the freshly isolated endothelial cells and degradation products appear in the medium about 30 min after the addition of VLDL to the cultures. Uptake and degradation at 37 degrees C are effectively inhibited by unlabelled human VLDL, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins and lymph chylomicrons, but only modestly by acetylated LDL. Purified apolipoproteins E and C-III:1 also compete with the uptake of iodinated VLDL, but when degradation was studied for longer periods of time, such a competition could not be demonstrated. This may be due to the fact that the added apolipoproteins become associated with the lipoproteins. In binding experiments at 7 degrees C, iodinated apolipoprotein C III:1 bound to the liver endothelial cells in a manner characteristic of receptor binding with a dissociation constant of 0.5 microM. This binding could not only be inhibited by unlabelled apolipoprotein C-III:1 but also by unlabelled apolipoprotein E. The results indicate that rat liver endothelial cells carry receptors for VLDL and that these recognize the apolipoproteins E, C-III and B on the lipoprotein surface. Considering the large endothelial surface and high blood flow through the liver, significant quantities of lipoproteins can be taken up and degraded, thus influencing the levels of circulating lipoproteins in the in vivo situation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The fatty-acid spectrum in plasma and adipose tissue in patients with psoriasis.

The long-chained fatty acids, which are precursors of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, were examined in plasma lipid esters and adipose tissue obtained from 20 male psoriatic patients and 36 matched controls. The fatty-acid composition of the plasma lipid esters (cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids) and adipose tissue was assayed using thin-layer and gas chromatography. In comparison with healthy controls, the patients' plasma lipid esters contained significantly lower levels of linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3), and higher levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 omega 6). In the adipose tissue of the patients, the amount of alpha-linolenic acid was significantly decreased, while that of arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) was increased. The observed changes were more pronounced in patients with severe psoriasis than in those with a milder form of the disease. Our results suggest that psoriatic patients differ from healthy controls with regard to the distribution of several of the essential long-chained fatty acids involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The relevance of these findings to the development of psoriasis remains to be established.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Fatty acid composition of platelets and of plasma lipid esters in relation to platelet function in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Serum lipoproteins, fatty acids in plasma lipid esters and in platelet phospholipids were assessed in 64 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and in 67 controls. Hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) (VLDL triglycerides greater than 1.4 mmol/l and/or LDL cholesterol greater than 5.2 mmol/l) was found in 64% of the patients. In the plasma lipid esters the relative concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as well as dihomo-gammalinolenic acid were higher in the IHD patients whereas the linoleic acid concentrations were lower. The altered fatty acid pattern was apparent both in patients with and without HLP. In the platelet phospholipids there was a relative increase of oleic acid and a decrease of stearic acid. The relative content of eicosapentaenoic acid was slightly reduced whereas the linoleic acid concentrations were unchanged compared to the controls. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen was enhanced in the IHD patients. The lowest threshold value for ADP-induced aggregation was found in the normolipidemic patients. Since there were almost no differences in the relative contents of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the platelet phospholipids between patients and controls it is concluded that mechanisms other than the prostaglandin-mediated pathway may contribute to the increased platelet aggregation in IHD patients.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗