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Biomedical subjects

B Vandel

Publications and source records attributed to B Vandel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of voluntary drug intoxication in an emergency unit].

Voluntary drug intoxications are not systematically recorded. Main aspects of this important problem have been studied in the unit responsible for medico-psychological emergencies in the university hospital of Poitiers. Files of all patients admitted to the unit from January to December 1994 have been analysed and 598 patients were included in our study. Of these, 67 per cent were females. 31 per cent were 20 to 29 years old and for the most part unemployed (62.5 per cent). Drugs most commonly used are benzodiazepines (39 per cent), alone or often associated with alcohol (33 per cent). A fatal outcome was observed in one patient. In many cases (50 per cent) this was not the first episode of voluntary intoxication; 53 per cent of the patients were discharged from hospital after a psychiatric consultation. For many years, voluntary drug intoxication frequency has increased continually. All cases have a specific intention that we have to clarify in order to take effective preventive measures to prevent recidivism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prospective study on admissions for iatrogenic adverse effects in the emergency service of hospital university center in Poitiers].

Hospital admissions resulting from an adverse drug reaction have been studied in the emergency unit of the university hospital in Poitiers during a 27-day period. This prospective study consisted in documenting all observations considered as an ADR by the medical practitioner in charge of the patient. There were 1235 hospital admissions to the emergency unit during the study period. Thirty-one (2.5 per cent) of admissions were considered to be drug-related. Women were more often affected than men. Patients with ADR were classified taking into account the type of pathology and the drug responsible for the effect. Dermatological and gastrointestinal reactions were predominant. Antibiotic and analgesic drugs were the most common drug groups implicated in causing an ADR.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse drug reaction monitoring and the Internet: evaluation of the use of the Internet by French Pharmacovigilance Centres and a non-exhaustive survey of websites of interest for collecting information about adverse drug reaction.

The Internet, indisputably the most important source of information obtainable in real time, was long essentially the domain of researchers in the USA, but has now become more accessible to French Pharmacovigilance Centres (CRPV) and pharmaceutical companies. A questionnaire was sent to every CRPV to determine how the Internet was perceived in terms of pharmacovigilance activities and existing Websites of particular value to CRPVs were investigated. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that 66.7 per cent of CRPVs are connected to the Internet but do not use it fully; 94 per cent of connected CRPVs use it essentially for access to a bibliographic database such as Medline (88 per cent), and none subscribes to discussion lists concerning alert messages on problems related to drugs and therapeutics. Non-connected CRPVs do not intend to use the Internet because of financial considerations, lack of time or the assumption that it is not beneficial in everyday situations. Apparently, many French CRPVs are not sufficiently aware of the importance of the Internet for professional purposes. A non-exhaustive list of sites on the Internet providing information likely to be of use to Pharmacovigilance Centres in their everyday activities is included. The Internet offers far greater possibilities than research for bibliographic references on Medline and could improve the manner in which pharmacovigilance is practised.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Attitude of the clinican toward adverse effects of protease inhibitors].

Since 1996, marketing of new drugs called protease inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of patients suffering from AIDS. The side-effects of this new therapeutic family are quite well known but we wanted to evaluate the attitude of the clinician: can these adverse effects be corrected by symptomatic treatment, do they regress spontaneously or do they lead to an alternative PI therapy? We therefore carried out a retrospective survey in the Infectious Diseases Department of Poitiers Hospital consisting in research on files of patients (n = 70) treated in this department (hospitalization and consultation) for any clinical or biological abnormality attributable to the PI. For each drug we determined what sort of side-effects could be found and the position adopted by the clinician. For 30 patients the PI was stopped and for 21 of these cases because of drug toxicity (gastrointestinal, neurological, renal and metabolic effects). The biological anomalies are quite well tolerated and regress spontaneously in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Debrisoquine and dextromethorphan phenotyping and antidepressant treatment.

The correlation between debrisoquine and dextromethorphan oxidation polymorphism was studied in 16 depressed in-patients. There was a close correlation between both phenotypes (r = 0.81 p less than 0.0017). During a treatment with amitriptyline during two weeks there was no significant modification of the dextromethorphan polymorphism. In the same way, the association of amitriptyline and toloxatone during two other weeks did not change this polymorphism in a significant way, even if there was a non significant shift towards higher values of the dextromethorphan metabolic ratio.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug interactions of cyclosporine. Literature review].

The cyclosporine is widely used as an immuno-suppressive agent in association with others drugs. Its narrow therapeutic range requires frequent monitoring. We suggest a literature review of suspected or confirmed drug interactions. The classification is presented as: absorption interactions; pharmacokinetic interactions in antiinfectious, anticonvulsants, cardiovascular drugs, H2 antagonists agents, hormonotherapy; pharmacodynamic interactions associated to increased cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Compliance, subdosage and overdosage of antidepressive agents in the first prescription in a hospital milieu].

It is common clinical experience that depressed patients comply poorly with their treatment schedules. In a retrospective study, the authors studied the compliance with the tricyclic antidepressant treatment (TCA) in 1,023 in-patients and evaluated the frequency of the plasma levels under or above the therapeutic range, following a first prescription of TCA. To describe the adherence to the TCA regimen, the investigators have classified patients as either "compliant" or "bad compliant" on the basis of two different arbitrary dividing points: plasma levels of tertiary OR secondary amine lower than 20 ng/ml, or plasma levels of tertiary AND secondary amine lower than 20 ng/ml. The antidepressant plasma levels were measured, on steady state conditions, using a gas chromatographic method. The incidence of bad compliance ranged between about 2.5 and 10%, depending on the criteria used, the incidence of plasma levels under or above the therapeutic window ranged respectively between 26 and 54%-4 and 24%. The results from this study should encourage TCA plasma level measurements.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical pharmacokinetics of viloxazine chlorhydrate. Practical implications].

Pharmacokinetic data of an antidepressant agent: Apparent half-life (T1/2 elim), time of peak plasma concentration (Tmax), bioavailability, have a major contribution to determine optimal dosage in accordance with a low modification of steady-state levels. Viloxazine is a second generation antidepressant drug with a short apparent half-life (T1/2 elim: 2 to 5 h (3.4 h), which requires once a day 3 h i.v. infusion or three intakes of 100 mg oral standard formulation. The recent development of a new 300 mg slow-release form seems justified by a best compliance. Pharmacokinetic properties [Tmax = 3 to 9 h (5.2 h), T1/2 term = 6 to 7 h], suggest once a day dosage without risk of accumulation in chronic treatment. The relationships between plasma levels and the clinical improvement were not clear in literature. The recent therapeutic use of a 300 mg slow-release tablet has not permitted to change precedent findings.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dexamethasone test: suppressors and non-suppressors, what's the difference?].

In sixty-six depressed in-patients, 20 of them showed marked resistance to suppression after dexamethasone. The authors found no difference between the two subgroups of suppressors and non suppressors, when considering the following parameters: age, sex, duration of illness, number of prior episodes, family history, intensity of depression, response to antidepressant treatment, relapses, diagnoses. Furthermore the normalization of DST after a 28 day treatment did not systematically correlate with a good clinical improvement.

Amitriptyline↗