Biomedical subjects

B V Karal'nik

Publications and source records attributed to B V Karal'nik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Antigen-binding lymphocytes of tuberculin specificity in M. bovis-infected rabbits in the dynamics of treatment for tuberculosis].

In M. bovis-infected rabbits, antigen-binding lymphocytes (ABL) of tuberculin specificity were detected within 7-105 days after inoculation. Due to etiotropic chemotherapy, ABL disappeared 31-45 days following inoculation. At the trial's end, the seeding rate and morphological changes in the organs of M. bovis-infected correlated with the content of ABL 105 days after inoculation. The early disappearance of ABL in the rats is regarded as an index of the efficiency of treatment for tuberculosis.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Detection of antigen-binding lymphocytes in the diagnosis of tuberculosis].

The efficiency of diagnosis of active tuberculosis was evaluated from detection of tuberculin-receptor lymphocytes [antigen-binding lymphocytes (ABL)] by the indirect rossette-formation test with the red blood cell reagent designed. Sixty two patients with tuberculosis (of them 10 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis), 10 with lobular pneumonia, and 27 healthy individuals cal were examined. Positive results of fluography, smear microscopy, bacteriological study, leukocytic migration inhibition test, and test for ABL were obtained in 84, 40, 50, 39, and 100%, respectively. The controls had negative tests. Thus, ABL detection was the method of choice in tuberculosis diagnosis.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗

PubMed1992

[The improvement of the immunodiagnosis of para-influenza infection based on erythrocyte reagents].

Study of different methods of hemosensitization helped detect the optimum technology for the preparation of parainfluenza (type 3) antigenic erythrocyte diagnosticum. This technology ensures the highest sensitivity, specificity, economy (with respect to viral antigen consumption) and stability of the reagent. Titration of antibodies by means of the new diagnosticum and the detection of parainfluenza cases among children with acute respiratory virus infections, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis have been highly effective, considerably more effective than similar determinations by the hemagglutination inhibition test.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[The excretion of Shigella antigens in persons recovering from dysentery].

Shigella antigens can be detected in the excreta of convalescents after dysentery for a long time. Most frequently these antigens occur in feces, less frequently in urine and rarely in saliva. According to indirect data, S. flexneri 1-6 antigens can be detected in excreta for a longer period after convalescence than S. sonnei antigens. When antigen indication is used for the diagnosis of dysentery and epidemiological analysis is carried out, one should bear in mind the length of the agent persistence in the body, related to Shigella type.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1991

[Stable erythrocyte reagents for detecting antigen-binding lymphocytes].

Fixation of native chicken red cells with a solution containing 14.4 percent of acetate aldehyde and 0.85 percent of NaCl (pH 7.0-7.2) permitted preparation on the basis of these red cells of stable immunoreagents for the detection of antigen-fixing lymphocytes using any (optimal for the antigen used) procedure. Experiments have demonstrated a high efficacy of detecting staphylococcal, proteus, or Ps. aeruginosa etiology of pyoinflammatory and septic conditions in indirect rosette formation test with the developed immunoreagents. The levels of the detected antigen-fixing lymphocytes varied in the patients from 0.7 to 8.0 percent, the mean value being 2.1 +/- 0.1 percent.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1991

[Erythrocytic immunoreagents for diagnosing autoimmune disorders of the pancreas].

Amidol sensitization of formalin-treated sheep red blood cells was found to be the optimal method for the preparation of an erythrocytic diagnostic agent from the summary antigen of the pancreas. Organ specificity of serum antibodies detection with the use of the developed diagnostic agent was provided by preliminary adsorption of the tested sera with rhesus-positive human red cells, group IV (AB). Use of this diagnostic agent in the neutralization test permitted a highly specific detection of the pancreatic antigen. Antigen-specific lymphocytes detectable in the indirect rosette-formation test with the erythrocytic diagnostic agent from the pancreatic summary antigen, based on chicken red cells were found highly specific.

Autoimmune Diseases↗

PubMed1991

[The serologic diagnosis of group B salmonelloses].

Antibacterial sera activities towards Citrobacter O22 and Salmonella typhimurium were tested with O22, O1, O4, O5, O12 erythrocytic diagnostic agents. Cross activities of O22, O1, O4, O5, O12, and Hi antigens were tested with the same and Hi erythrocytic diagnostic agents in the antibody neutralization test. The findings have confirmed the identity or very close relationship between the tested O antigens. Screening for antigens of the excretions from patients with S. typhimurium and Citrobacter O22 infections has shown that indication of Hi antigen may be considered as the differentiating criterion between these infections.

Citrobacter↗

PubMed1991

[The reasons for false positive results with recombinant preparations in HIV infection].

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the use of test systems based on recombinant HIV antigens has yielded positive results much more often than that with the test systems based on HIV lysate. In comparison with the use of protein A-peroxidase conjugate, the use of antiglobulin conjugates decreased the specificity of EIA, thus ruling out the false positive results. The tested sera containing antibodies to antigens of enteric bacilli could yield false positive EIA results with test systems prepared from recombinant antigens due to the interaction of these antibodies with antigens of enteric bacilli. A conclusion on the usefulness of the control for the presence of the components of enteric bacilli, producers of HIV antigen, and their elimination from recombinant preparations is made.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1991

[The ecological aspects of ADTP vaccination].

The results of measuring the activity of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in the blood of 19,654 persons immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine have shown a pronounced decrease in the effectiveness of booster immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine. The negative influence of environmental pollution is more pronounced with respect to less active diphtheria toxoid. The possibility of the separation of the population into strata differing in the intensity of their immune response to toxoids under the influence of environmental pollution is considered.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Brucellar antibody erythrocytic diagnostic agent made from monoclonal antibodies].

Two preparations based on monoclonal antibodies to bacteria of the genus Brucella have been obtained. From the monoclonal preparations and globulins isolated from them erythrocyte diagnostica have been obtained with the use of amidol. Experiments on the cross indication of brucellae and other bacteria by means of these diagnostica and a similar preparation obtained from polyclonal serum have shown very high specificity of erythrocyte immunoreagents prepared from monoclonal antibodies.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Standardization of the determination of the fimbriae (adhesins) of Citrobacter].

Trials of guinea pig formalin-treated red cells have shown their stability for at least 3 years and fitness, equal to that of native cells, for the detection of Citrobacter mannose-sensitive and resistant adhesins in hemagglutination and adhesion tests (red cell binding of bacteria). Comparison of the results of bacterial binding and bacterial agglutination of red cells in tests on slides and in wells has shown that the use of fixed red cells accelerates agglutination and makes it more sensitive, probably at the expense of altering the red cell physicochemical characteristics by fixation. Use of formalin-treated red cells essentially simplifies Citrobacter adhesion determination and makes it possible in any conditions.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1990

[The diagnostic effectiveness of erythrocyte immunoreagents made from different Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens].

The diagnostic effectiveness of the passive hemagglutination (PHA) tests with the use of erythrocyte diagnostica (ED based on exotoxin A (ETA) and poly- and monovalent ED based on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from 5 most widespread P. aeruginosa serogroups was compared. 97 patients with different purulent septic diseases and 100 practically healthy adult donors were examined. The treatment of serum samples with 2-mercaptoethanol decreased the diagnostic effectiveness of serological examination. The simultaneous determination of the activity of antibodies to ETA and LPS essentially increased the number of positive results of the PHA tests in patients with bacteriologically confirmed P. aeruginosa infection, but not in patients from whom other bacteria were isolated. Considering the sensitivity and specificity of serological examination, as well as the decrease of the volume of necessary work and the consumption of immunoreagents, the optimum test conditions proved to be ensured by the use of two ED: LPS-based polyvalent ED and ETA-based ED.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1990

[Immunodiagnostic methods in interpreting an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection].

In the determination of the etiology of the outbreak of respiratory viral diseases, caused mainly by respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, on the basis of the comparison of the results of different laboratory tests and some epidemiological and clinical data high specificity of the detection of RS virus antigen and antibodies to it by means of erythrocyte diagnostica (newly developed antibody and commercial antigenic preparations) has been revealed. In the epidemiological situations the rapid methods of the detection of viral antigen are of prime importance.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

[Preparation and study of the efficacy of a toxoplasmic erythrocytic diagnostic agent].

Comparison of various antigenic preparations of Toxoplasma and of the methods for red cell sensitization with these antigens has shown that sensitization with Toxoplasma summary fraction, containing the cytoplasmic and envelope antigens, and rivanol, is the optimal method for preparing an erythrocytic diagnostic agent. A test with such a diagnosticum has proved to be much more effective than the complement fixation test. Though the results of the two tests correlate, this correlation is curvilinear, and therefore it is desirable to use both the tests for the diagnostic investigations.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Erythrocytic diagnostic agents for determining antibodies to Proteus O antigens].

Highly sensitive and specific erythrocyte diagnostic agents (ED) for the determination of antibodies to Proteus O-antigens have been obtained by the sensitization of formolated sheep red blood cells (SPBC) with activated lipopolysaccharides (LPS) without the use of mediators. The tannin treatment of formolated SRBC and/or the increase of temperature from 45 degrees C to 100 degrees C in the process of the preparation of ED have been found to produce no increase in effectiveness. Antibody ED permitting the detection of Proteus O- and H-antigens has been obtained by the sensitization of formolated chick red blood cells with immunoglobulin preparations to Proteus hydroxylamine antigens, carried out with the use of amidol. The experiments have shown the possibility of using this antibody ED for the determination of O-antibodies in the antigen neutralization test with nonactivated LPS used as an agglutinating agent. The passive hemagglutination test with antibody ED has proved to be a more sensitive method for the detection of O-antibodies than the antigen neutralization test with antigenic ED. The determination of Proteus etiology in the passive hemagglutination test with the use of antigenic ED has been shown to be highly effective in the examination of patients with chronic osteomyelitis at the stage of exacerbation.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Preparation and use of an opisthorchis egg g antigenic erythrocyte diagnostic method].

A technique for preparing such a diagnosticum, that specifically detects antibodies to Opisthorchis egg antigen, has been developed. Examinations of opisthorchiasis patients with the use of this diagnosticum have shown that the diagnostic titres of the total activity of the blood serum antibodies to the egg antigen and to the Opisthorchis somatic antigen have been detected with equal frequency. Parallel use of the egg and the previously developed (with the somatic and metabolic antigens) erythrocytic diagnosticums improves the reliability of the serologic diagnosis of chronic opisthorchiasis.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Erythrocyte diagnostic kits for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A].

The use of formulated chick red blood cells loaded with IgG preparations and affinity-purified antibodies, in comparison with initial immune serum to P. aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA), has been shown to increase the sensitivity of antibody erythrocyte diagnosticum (AbED) 17-fold and to ensure the detection of ETA at a concentration of 1.2 mg of protein per ml. The passive hemagglutination (PHA) test with AbED has proved to be a more sensitive method for the detection of ETA than the antibody neutralization test with the use of antigenic erythrocyte diagnosticum, the latex agglutination test, the coagglutination test and the enzyme immunoassay. The PHA test has permitted the detection of ETA in the culture fluid of 80% of P. aeruginosa cultures under study.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗

PubMed1989

[Variants of the agglutination reaction: the present and future].

The methodological analysis of the main problems of serological diagnosis has made it possible to pick out the tests of the agglutination type, especially those made with the use of sensitized erythrocytes, as most suitable for mass use. The comparison made between different agglutination tests has confirmed the fact that the use of sensitized erythrocytes in such tests is highly effective. The comparison of the diagnostic possibilities of agglutination tests involving the use of erythrocytic reagents with those offered by enzyme immunoassays has demonstrated that tests based on the phenomenon of passive hemagglutination have great possibilities and hold considerable promise not only for mass immunological surveys, but also for research work.

Agglutination Tests↗