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Biomedical subjects

B V Bhat

Publications and source records attributed to B V Bhat.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinico-bacteriological study of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Perinatal risk factors and bacteriological profile of conjunctivitis were studied among 245 newborns delivered at JIPMER Hospital between July 1986 and June 1988. Maternal and neonatal factors like lack of antenatal care, presence of adverse intrapartum factors, operative deliveries, birth asphyxia, pre-maturity and prolonged hospital stay significantly increased the chances of developing conjunctivitis (P less than 0.001). Bacteria were recovered from 163 (66.5%) cases. Staphylococcus was the commonest pathogenic bacteria isolated, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated in only one case. Most of the organisms showed in vitro sensitivity to chloramphenicol, gentamycin and tetracycline. All the cases responded to topical chloramphenicol except three which required systemic antibiotics. No complications were observed. The identification and appropriate management of high risk pregnancies with minimal hospital stay can reduce the incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis↗
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Twin fetus in fetu.

Fetus in fetu is a rare cause of intra-abdominal mass. The presence of vertebral and skeletal axis differentiates it from a teratoma. We report an unusual case of two well developed fetuses in the retroperitoneal area of a neonate delivered at term.

Calcinosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early neonatal mortality in an intramural birth cohort at a tertiary care hospital.

Early neonatal mortality (ENM) occurring among 12,283 consecutive live births over a period of 3 years were analysed. The early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) was 26.6/1000 live births. Birth weight less than 2,000 gm, lack of antenatal care, male sex, operative vaginal delivery, prematurity and multiple pregnancy were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths. Birth asphyxia was found to be the most important cause of death, followed by hyaline membrane disease and congenital malformations. Majority of the asphyxia related deaths were due to late intrapartum referral of the mothers. Forty-two per cent of early neonatal deaths occurred in babies weighing less than 1,500 gm. Early identification and referral of high risk mothers and health education would significantly reduce the early neonatal deaths.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal septicaemia among inborn and outborn babies in a referral hospital.

Neonatal sepsis was studied among one hundred neonates (50 hospital born and 50 outborn babies) over one year period. The incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 15.5 per 1000 live births in the hospital. Among outborn babies it accounted for 6.1% of total pediatric admissions and 43.7% of sick neonates referred from outside. Low birth weight and prematurity were important predisposing factors in both the groups. Blood culture was positive among 32% of outborn and 34% of inborn babies. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were the common causative organisms. All isolated organisms were sensitive to Gentamicin whereas 75% of them were resistant to Ampicillin. Mortality among outborn neonates (32%) was much higher in comparison to (10%) hospital born babies. Early identification of high risk antenatal cases and neonates and appropriate referral can bring down mortality and morbidity from neonatal sepsis.

Hospitalization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal mortality trends in a referral hospital.

A comparative study of perinatal mortality patterns over a period was conducted at a teaching hospital of South India. Among the 6,048 babies born from January 1984 to December 1985 (Group A), there were 265 (43.8/1000) still births and 127 (22.0/1000) early neonatal deaths. Three hundred and thirty seven (41/1000) babies were still born and 235 (29.8/1000) early neonatal deaths out of 8,215 deliveries during 1992-93 (Group B). The perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in Groups A and B were 57.9/1000 and 57.7/1000 respectively. Unbooked cases accounted for the majority (> 75%) of perinatal deaths during both the periods. The overall mortality rates in unbooked cases were three to four times higher than booked cases. Among the various causes of still births, antepartum haemorrhage and uterine rupture had increased. Septicaemia was the major cause of early neonatal deaths in Group A, but in Group B birth asphyxia and prematurity were the leading causes. Effective interventions like creating awareness among the target population to utilise maternal and child health services and early referral of high risk cases with improved intranatal and perinatal care can decrease the perinatal mortality.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone injuries during delivery.

Bone injuries during the process of delivery were studied among 34, 946 live born babies over a 11 period. There were 35 cases of bone injuries giving an incidence of 1 per 1,000 live births. Clavicle was the commonest bone fractured (45.7%) followed by humerus (20%), femur (14.3%) and depressed skull fracture (11.4%) in the order of frequency. There was one case each of orbital fracture, epiphyseal separation of lower end of femur and dislocation of elbow joint. Lack of antenatal care, malpresentation often leading to obstructed labour and operative deliveries were found to be risk factors for bone injuries. Meconium stained liquor and birth asphyxia were more commonly associated with bone injuries than control cases. Cases with injuries had longer hospital stay and higher mortality. Improving the health infrastructure at the peripheral level with early identification of high risk mothers and their appropriate management can bring down the incidence of bone injuries.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genital standards for south Indian male newborns.

One hundred and thirty-five male newborns in JIPMER hospital were studied. The penile length (stretched and unstretched), width as well as testicular length and breadth were measured. The influence of the gestational age and intrauterine growth on these measurements were studied. The mean stretched penile length for term babies was 3.57 cms (+/- 0.46), the unstretched length 3.26 cms (+/- 0.41), and the width was 1.04 cms (+/- 0.15). There was a linear increase in the above measurements with increasing gestational age. The right testicular length was 1.39 cms (+/- 0.28) and breadth was 0.98 cm (+/- 0.15) while the length and breadth for left testis were 1.32 cms (+/- 0.24) and 0.95 cm (+/- 0.14) respectively for term babies. The prepucial type was tubular in 103 (76.3%) babies and of ring type in 32 (23.7%). In 72 (53.3%) babies the prepuce could be retracted enough to visualise external urinary meatus.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal risk factors in neonatal infections.

Perinatal risk factors were studied among 50 cases of neonatal septicemia and 200 matched normal neonates during one year period. The consanguinity among parents, birth order and sex of the baby did not increase the risk for developing septicemia. There was significant increase in the risk for septicemia when the duration of labour was more than 24 hours (P less than 0.01), time interval between rupture of membrane and delivery of baby was more than 12 hours (P less than 0.001), liquor was meconium stained or foul smelling (P less than 0.001) and delivery was operative (P less than 0.01). The neonatal factors identified with risk for septicemia were preterm delivery (P less than 0.01), low birth weight (P less than 0.01), birth asphyxia (P less than 0.001) assisted ventilation (P less than 0.001) and intravenous alimentation (P less than 0.02). Identification of high risk pregnancies and appropriate management can minimize many of the above risk factors which in turn will reduce the occurrence of neonatal sepsis.

Birth Order↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of respiratory distress of newborns.

The present prospective study was conducted to find out the incidence, etiology and outcome of respiratory distress (RD) in newborns. All newborns (n = 4505), delivered at this hospital over a period of 13 months, were observed for respiratory problems. Relevant antenatal, intranatal and neonatal information was noted. Cases were investigated for the cause of respiratory distress and followed up for the outcome. The overall incidence of RD was 6.7%. Preterm babies had the highest incidence (30.0%) followed by post-term (20.9%) and term babies (4.2%). Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) was found to be the commonest (42.7%) cause of RD followed by infection (17.0%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.7%), hyaline membrane disease (9.3%) and birth asphyxia (3.3%). TTN was found to be common among both term and preterm babies. While Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was seen mostly among preterms, and Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) among term and post-term babies. Overall case fatality ration for RD was found to be 19%, being highest for HMD (57.1%), followed by MAS (21.8%) and infection (15.6%). Our results indicate that RD is a common neonatal problem. TTN accounts for a large proportion of these cases. MAS and infection also contribute significantly and are largely preventable. Without adequate ventilatory support HMD and MAS carry high mortality.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital malformations at birth--a prospective study from south India.

Congenital malformations were studied prospectively from September 1989 to December 1992 covering 12,797 consecutive deliveries. The overall incidence of malformations was 3.7% and it was 3.2% among live births and 15.7% among still births. Three hundred and ninety seven birth defects were observed among 308 live births and 72 among 45 still births. The incidence of malformation was significantly higher among male babies (p < 0.001), still births (p < 0.001), low birth weights (p < 0.001) and preterm babies (p < 0.001). Consanguinity among parents of malformed babies was more common (p < 0.001). Musculo-skeletal malformations were the commonest (9.69 per 1000) followed by cutaneous (6.33 per 1000), genitourinary (5.47 per 1000), gastrointestinal (5.47 per 1000), central nervous system (3.99 per 1000) and cardiac anomalies (2.03 per 1000). Musculoskeletal, cutaneous and genitourinary malformations were common among live born babies while central nervous system and gastrointestinal defects were common among still born babies. Antenatal infections and ingestion of drugs were not found to be significant factors in the causation of birth defects.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal autopsy--a seven-year study.

A retrospective analysis of autopsies conducted on perinatal deaths during 7 years period (Oct 1983 to Sept 1990) was done. There were 650 neonatal deaths and 944 still births during the study period. Autopsy rates among neonates and still births were 33% and 4.9% respectively. There ware significant findings in 97.2% of neonatal deaths and in all still births. Pulmonary lesions followed by congenital malformations were the major pathological findings. Infection was observed among smaller number of babies compared to other Indian studies. Autopsy revealed many internal congenital malformations which were not diagnosed clinically. Autopsy changed or added to clinical diagnosis in 59.5% of cases. Perinatal autopsy is highly productive in our set up.

Autopsy↗