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Biomedical subjects

B Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to B Thompson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A multivariate model for assessing eating patterns and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Eating patterns were studied in 1275 adolescents and young adults (aged 12-24 y). Factor analysis of 64 foods consumed weekly revealed 17 eating-pattern factors, accounting for 57% of the item variance. Factor I (12 food items from either the seafood or meat group) accounted for 8% of the variance, factor II (snacks), 5%, and factors III (fats and pasta) and IV (beef and chicken), 4% each. Remaining factors accounted for from 1.9% to 3.9%. The factors were effective in discriminating eating patterns across race and gender. Significant age effects were also noted for 10 of the 17 factors. Eating patterns for persons in the upper or lower quartiles differed consistently for specific cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Use of this statistical model to identify differences in eating patterns by race, gender, and CV risk factors during maturation can assist health professionals in targeting food sources for changing eating behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Chronic stressors and maternal depression: implications for prevention.

We report on the use of an instrument to measure exposure to stressors among 149 women presenting with their children for pediatric care at an urban primary care center. Overall, 38.3 percent of the women had significant levels of depressive symptoms; 71.4 percent of those in the "high stress" group had an adjusted prevalence odds ratio of 5.00 [95% CI = 2.12, 11.82]. We conclude that screening in the pediatric office is feasible for identifying women at high risk of becoming depressed.

Depression↗
PubMed1989

Selection of patients with acute pulmonary embolism for thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolysis in pulmonary embolism (TIPE) patient survey. The TIPE Investigators.

During a recent one-year period, 44 clinical centers in the United States saw 2,539 patients with diagnoses of pulmonary embolism as supported by high probability lung scans and/or positive pulmonary angiograms. In developing proposals for a clinical trial of Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolism (TIPE), investigators in the 44 clinical centers reviewed the 2,539 patients' medical charts for contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. Overall, 1,345 (53.5%) patients surveyed in the TIPE clinical centers would have been acceptable for treatment with thrombolytic therapy, a proportion higher than generally anticipated. Risks of major blood loss were the most frequent contraindications to thrombolytic therapy and were found in 838 (33.3%) patients. Risks to the CNS were found to contraindicate thrombolytic therapy in 453 (17.9%) patients. Risks of bleeding into special compartments were found to contraindicate thrombolytic therapy in 76 (3.0%) patients. Pulmonary embolism is underdiagnosed in most clinical settings, and even more patients than found in the TIPE survey could benefit from appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The question remains as to whether pulmonary embolism patients will benefit from thrombolytic therapy. Only a randomized clinical trial will provide a satisfactory answer.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

Measurement characteristics of a short form of the questionnaire on resources and stress.

The psychometric integrity of a short form of a measure of ecological stress was evaluated based on data provided by both fathers and mothers representing intact families, half of which included children with handicaps and half of which did not. Alpha reliability, factor structure, and construct validity analyses generally supported the conclusion that the short form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress is reasonably reliable and valid.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Divergence in primary structure between the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase.

We have isolated a COOH-terminal tryptic peptide from the hydrophobic globular (5.6 S) form of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase that exhibits divergence in amino acid sequence from the catalytic subunit of the dimensionally asymmetric (17 S + 13 S) enzyme. The divergent peptide could be recovered from the glycophospholipid-modified 5.6 S enzyme only after treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Upon reduction, carboxymethylation with [14C]iodoacetate, and trypsin digestion the resultant peptides were purified by gel filtration followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The high performance liquid chromatography profiles of 14C-labeled cysteine peptides from lipase-treated 5.6 S enzyme revealed unique radioactive peaks which had not been present in digests of the asymmetric form. These peaks all yielded identical amino acid sequences. The difference in chromatographic behavior of the individual peptides most likely reflects heterogeneity in post-translational processing. Gas-phase sequencing and composition analysis are consistent with the sequence: Leu-Leu-Asn-Ala-Thr-Ala-Cys. Composition includes 2-3 mol each of glucosamine and ethanolamine which is indicative of modification by glycophospholipid. Glucosamine is also present in an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide. The two forms of acetylcholinesterase diverge after the threonine residue within this peptide sequence; the hydrophobic form terminates with cysteine whereas the asymmetric form extends for 40 residues beyond the divergence. The locus of divergence and absence of any other amino acid sequence difference suggest that the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase arise from a single gene by alternative mRNA processing.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1988

A diet containing n-3 and n-6 fatty acids favorably alters the renal phospholipids, eicosanoid synthesis and plasma lipids in nephrotic rats.

The nephrotic syndrome was induced in rats by intravenous adriamycin (3 mg/kg). The rats were then divided into four groups which, for six weeks, were pair-fed diets containing beef tallow (BT), fish oil (FO), a source of n-3 fatty acids, evening primrose oil (EPO), a source of n-6 fatty acids, or a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil, 75:25 (EPO:FO). The fat content of the diets was 15%. Significant incorporation of the fatty acids into kidney phospholipids was demonstrated. Diets containing FO, EPO and EPO:FO lowered plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol levels as compared with diets containing BT. Only EPO:FO raised high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, as compared with BT. The combination EPO:FO prevented the tenfold suppression of aortic 6-keto-PGF1 alpha caused by FO. These changes in plasma lipids and eicosanoid production are potentially antiatherogenic and may prevent glomerular sclerosis. The combination of EPO and FO, containing n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may offer advantages over either family of fatty acids in this model of nephrotic syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

MR imaging of head trauma: review of the distribution and radiopathologic features of traumatic lesions.

The distribution and extent of traumatic lesions were prospectively evaluated with MR imaging in 40 patients with closed head injuries. Primary intraaxial lesions were classified according to their distinctive topographical distribution within the brain and were of four main types: (1) diffuse axonal injury (48.2%), (2) cortical contusion (43.7%), (3) subcortical gray-matter injury (4.5%), and (4) primary brainstem injury (3.6%). Diffuse axonal injury most commonly involved the white matter of the frontal and temporal lobes, the body and splenium of the corpus callosum, and the corona radiata. Cortical contusions most frequently involved the inferior, lateral, and anterior aspects of the frontal and temporal lobes. Primary brainstem lesions were most commonly seen in the dorsolateral aspects of the rostral brainstem. The pattern and distribution of primary lesions seen by MR were compared with those expected from previous pathologic studies and found to be quite similar. Our data and review of the literature would also indicate that MR detects a more complete spectrum of traumatic lesions than does CT. Secondary forms of injury (territorial arterial infarction, pressure necrosis from increased intracranial pressure, cerebral herniation, secondary brainstem injury) were also visible by MR in some cases. The level of consciousness was most impaired in patients with primary brainstem injury, followed by those with widespread diffuse axonal injury and subcortical gray-matter injury. The best MR imaging planes, pulse sequences, and imaging strategies for evaluating and classifying traumatic lesions were evaluated, and the mechanisms by which traumatic stresses result in injury were reviewed. MR was found to be superior to CT and to be very effective in the detection of traumatic head lesions and some secondary forms of injury. While T2-weighted images were most useful for lesion detection, T1-weighted images proved to be most useful for anatomic localization and classification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prospective comparative study of intermediate-field MR and CT in the evaluation of closed head trauma.

Forty patients with closed head trauma were evaluated prospectively with CT and intermediate-field-strength MR imaging to compare the diagnostic efficacies of the two techniques. Traumatic lesions were detected in 38 patients. The severity of injury, as determined by the Glascow Coma Scale, ranged from 3 to 14. The sensitivities of CT and MR were calculated for all subgroups of lesions: (1) hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic intraaxial lesions (diffuse axonal injury, cortical contusion, subcortical gray-matter injury, primary brainstem injury); (2) extraaxial hematomas (subdural, epidural); and (3) diffuse hemorrhage (subarachnoid, intraventricular). CT and MR (T1- and T2-weighted) studies were both highly and comparably sensitive in the detection of hemorrhagic intraaxial lesions. MR scans, however, were much more sensitive in detecting nonhemorrhagic lesions. cortical contusions and diffuse axonal injury constituted 91.9% of all intraaxial lesions. The sensitivities of the imaging techniques for this combined group of lesions were (1) nonhemorrhagic lesions (CT = 17.7%, T1-weighted MR = 67.6%, T2-weighted MR = 93.3%); (2) hemorrhagic lesions (CT = 89.8%, T1-weighted MR = 87.1%, T2-weighted MR = 92.5%). MR was also significantly better in detecting brainstem lesions (CT = 9.1%, T1-weighted MR = 81.8%, T2-weighted MR = 72.7%). The sensitivities of the diagnostic studies in the detection of extraaxial hematomas were CT = 73.2%, T1-weighted MR = 97.6%, T2-weighted MR = 90.5%). Intraventricular hemorrhage was consistently seen with all three imaging studies, but subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected much more frequently with CT. In summary, MR has clear advantages over CT in evaluating closed head trauma. Although its sensitivity in detecting hemorrhagic lesions is similar to that of CT, it is much better than CT in detecting nonhemorrhagic lesions, which are more prevalent. MR is more useful than CT in classifying primary and secondary forms of injury and directing treatment. CT's one advantage over MR is its ability to more rapidly assess unstable patients who may need surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Binding studies of three water-soluble polycationic porphyrins with human serum albumin.

The binding stoichiometry and equilibria of three polycationic water-soluble porphyrins with human serum albumin (HSA) have been determined by fluorescence quenching and filtration methods in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 at 25 degrees. For one porphyrin the binding equilibrium was also measured by measuring the lifetime of tryptophan and also by measuring the polarization of bound porphyrin. Energy transfer between the porphyrin and the tryptophan residue of HSA has been studied.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Dietary fat in experimental nephrotic syndrome: beneficial effects of fish oil on serum lipids and, indirectly, on the kidney.

Three isocaloric diets with different fat composition were fed to rats for seven weeks after the production of nephrotic syndrome by adriamycin. The effects of feeding 3% and 14% fish oil were compared with those of feeding beef fat. At the fourth week of feeding the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were lower in both fish oil fed groups. At the seventh week these levels, and the LDL cholesterol, were lower only in the 14% fish oil group. In rats fed beef fat, but not in those fed fish oil, there was a striking positive correlation of the four-week serum triglycerides and cholesterol with the seven-week serum creatinine level and with the degree of glomerular hyalinosis and endothelial swelling. The favorable effects of fish oil feeding on serum lipids may have a protective effect on the development of glomerular damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Successful resuscitation using transcutaneous cardiac pacing.

Reported here is the case of a patient suffering from hemodynamically significant bradycardia in which the use of transcutaneous cardiac pacing resulted in successful resuscitation, obviating the need for invasive pacing. During pacing, intra-arterial recordings of blood pressure demonstrated higher pulse pressures for paced beats than for the patient's own escape beats. Recent data regarding the use of non-invasive transcutaneous cardiac pacing is also reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Does the use of oral contraception depress DZ twinning rates?

Data based on total births from a geographically defined population with zygosity determined from blood samples and placentation and with data on the use of oral contraceptives routinely collected in early pregnancy showed no association between oral contraceptive use prior to pregnancy in either MZ or DZ twinning. Three mutually exclusive control groups of singletons were used to take account of age, parity and secular trends.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1987

Receptor-mediated inositol phosphate formation in relation to calcium mobilization: a comparison of two cell lines.

Previous studies indicated that activation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in BC3H-1 muscle cells (S. K. Ambler and P. Taylor, J. Biol. Chem. 261:5866-5871, 1986) and muscarinic receptors in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells (S. B. Masters, T. K. Harden, and J. H. Brown, Mol. Pharmacol. 27:325-332, 1985) resulted in the rapid mobilization of Ca2+ from internal stores of both cell types. Paradoxically, alpha 1-adrenergic agonists did not rapidly increase inositol trisphosphate (Ins-P3) formation in BC3H-1 cells, in distinction to the rapid increase in Ins-P3 accumulation observed in 1321N1 cells after muscarinic stimulation. To determine whether the variations observed in the Ins-P3 response could be ascribed to differences in the relative amounts of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and inositol tetrakisphosphate (respectively, Ins-1,4,5-P3, Ins-1,3,4-P3, and Ins-P4), we have separated the individual inositol phosphates by high-performance liquid chromatography and examined the rates of conversion of individual inositol phosphates in the two types of cells. Muscarinic stimulation of 1321N1 cells resulted in increased Ins-1,4,5-P3 production, as well as the rapid production of Ins-1,3,4-P3 and Ins-P4. Application of alpha 1-agonist to BC3H-1 cells produced a modest but delayed increase in accumulation of Ins-1,4,5-P3. Adrenergic stimulation also resulted in a smaller and even slower production of Ins-1,3,4-P3, and Ins-P4 could not be detected in BC3H-1 cells under any conditions employed. Thus, over a 30-sec interval in which Ca2+ is mobilized to a maximum extent, increases in Ins-1,4,5-P3, Ins-1,3,4-P3, or Ins-P4 amounted to less than 10% over basal values in BC3H-1 cells. These results indicate that the regulation of Ins-P3 isomer formation and conversion may vary substantially between different cell types. In addition, if inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is the sole mediator of intracellular Ca2+ release, it is necessary to propose that an increase in Ins-1,4,5-P3 sufficient to mobilize Ca2+ rapidly may occur only within discrete cellular localities in some cell types. According, it may not be possible to detect the increases in Ins-1,4,5-P3 over basal concentrations when measuring total cellular inositol phosphates.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Small cell carcinoma of the lung: influence of age on treatment outcome.

Two hundred twenty-three patients between 29 and 78 years of age with small cell cancer of the lung were studied in serial protocols at the University of Maryland Cancer Center from 1975 to 1982. Each of these patients received chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. In this paper we explore age and its interaction with the patient's extent of disease as it relates to clinical outcome variables such as the achievement of a complete response (CR), survival times, and various measures of toxicity. Preliminary evidence is found to suggest that an age-extent of disease interaction affects both the probability of obtaining a CR and the length of survival. Patients of all ages can benefit from treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung, with CR as the treatment goal. However, increased toxicity and early death remain as barriers to successful treatment of the elderly.

Actuarial Analysis↗