In 31P MAS NMR spectra of chlorocyclophosphazenes, characteristic splittings have been observed for PCI or PCl2 groups. At different applied magnetic fields, the fine structure and total width of the patterns change in a characteristic way, demonstrating that the splittings are due to indirect spin-spin and residual dipolar interactions with the chlorine nuclei directly bonded to phosphorus. For trans-nongeminal N3P3Cl3(NMe2)3 and N3P3Cl6 as examples, the spectra have been analyzed to obtain information on chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling constants and 35,37Cl, 3P indirect spin-spin coupling constants. Neglect of these interactions may result in misinterpretations of the multiplicity in 3P MAS spectra of chlorophosphazenes.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗

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Nursing students respond to a computer assignment.

Computer-generated information is becoming increasingly important in nursing. Nursing schools are faced with the need to ensure that students have basic informatics skills and rudimentary computer literacy. This article describes the introduction of an assignment using electronic communication skills within a teaching-learning course in a baccalaureate program. The assignment was designed to introduce the students to several tasks that would be useful to them in their studies as well as in their care of clients. Students learned to send electronic mail, post to a class list, use search engines, access libraries, and critique web pages. They developed increased confidence and skill, advancing from informed user to proficient user status as identified by Ronald & Skiba. The students' appraisal of the assignment in terms of value to their nursing education and their nursing careers indicated that they recognized the value of these skills for their professional nursing lives. Activities were monitored for content and technical glitches. Lessons learned are highlighted, and "Inbox overload" is identified. The authors found that nursing curricula can be designed to meet the challenge of fostering computer literacy. The assignment could be easily adapted for continuing education or other professional education endeavors.

Attitude to Computers↗

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Artifacts in MR imaging after surgical intervention.

Artifacts are encountered repeatedly in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after neurological orthopedic surgery, although there is no evidence of metallic foreign bodies on radiography and CT. Experiments demonstrated that surgical filling materials, such as bone cement and bone transplants are not the cause of the artifacts. On the other hand, we have been able to show that short-term contact between a diamond drill and untempered operating instruments can cause abrasions and set free minute metallic fragments. Those particles are missed by X-ray procedures including CT but cause MR artifacts by local disturbance of the homogeneity of the magnetic field. Therefore, MR represents a highly sensitive method to trace extremely small amounts of magnetic substances. Postsurgical MR, however, may be of limited value because of the disturbing artifacts.

Animals↗

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Differential utility of predictors in graduate nursing education.

The problem of predicting success in graduate education in nursing was addressed through a five-year study of students enrolled in four majors at the University of Iowa. Data from a sample of 198 graduates of the majors-medical-surgical nursing, nursing of children, psychiatric nursing, and nursing service administration-were analyzed to determine the efficiency of the traditional predictors, undergraduate grade point average (GPA) and Graduate Record Examination scores-verbal and quantitative-in predicting success in graduate education as measured by the masters GPA. Findings included support for the use of these predictor variables in the selection of graduate students in nursing and evidence that interprogram differences existed, indicating a need for different selection practices for the different majors.

Achievement↗

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Nursing and the "F" word.

This article uses a set of strategies designed by Abigail Stewart to guide the generation of knowledge about women and gender to revisit the relationship between nursing and feminism. It is important that nurses be aware of the valuable feminist contributions made by their predecessors in order to uncover the hidden links that exist between nursing and feminism. As long as the relationship between nursing and feminism remains invisible, the gender, problems in nursing that are systemic to a woman's occupation in a male-dominated society will continue.

Female↗

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Advances in the clinical practice of psychiatric nursing.

Understanding mental health needs forms the basis of psychiatric nursing care. Analysis of these needs and knowing what resources are available determines the clinical practice of psychiatric nursing.

Forecasting↗